<p>The Laurens Polygonal Hog House is a historic farm outbuilding in Dewey County, South Dakota. It is located northeast of Eagle Butte, on the east side of South Dakota Highway 63, about 1 mi north of its junction with United States Route 212. It is a 10-side structure, with walls and foundation of concrete and stone, and a conical wood frame roof with low pitch, and is partially set into a sloping hillside. It has a single entrance and four windows. The interior is organized with wedge-shaped pens on the outside of a central open area, from which feed and water can be distributed efficiently to the pens. The structure was built in 1926-28 by August and Frank Laurenz, and was used as a hog house until 1956. It has since seen a variety of other agricultural uses.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1995.</p><br>
<p>Rheola House is a Grade II* listed country house between Glynneath and Resolven, in the Neath valley, South Wales. Designed by John Nash, it was built between 1812 and 1814 for Nash&#39;s cousin, John Edwards. It passed through inheritance to members of the Edwards, Vaughan, and Lee families, until in 1939, with the house becoming run down, it was bought by an aluminium company for use as offices, and part of the land was put to industrial uses. In 2012 an application was made for housing on the industrialised area, to enable restoration of the house and a leisure complex to sustain the estate. The application was granted in 2014.</p><br>
<h2>Origins</h2><br>
<p>There was a water mill in the vicinity of the current house in Norman times or earlier, utilising the power of Rheola Brook. A later mill building still stands near the house, although it not certain that it is on the same location. In 1296 it was documented as having formerly been a grange of Neath Abbey, known as Hirrole Grange, forerunner of the present name. By the late 18th century, there was a farmhouse on the site, and was part of the huge estates of Sir Herbert Mackworth of Gnoll Castle.</p><br>
<h2>Edwards family</h2><br>
<p>In 1800, John Edwards of Belvedere House, Lambeth, Surrey (d, 1818), an engineer with family links to the area, His son, also named John Edwards (although later to change his name to John Edwards-Vaughan) (1772 – 1833), was a successful solicitor and land agent. He took on the task of developing the farmhouse into a picturesque villa, for which he used his cousin, the fashionable architect John Nash.</p><br>
<h3>John Nash</h3><br>
<p>John Nash had begun a promising architectural career in London, but had become bankrupt in 1793. The following year he went to live in Carmarthen, where his mother was living, and over the next 13 years, established himself as an architect of provincial public buildings and private houses. During this time he got to know Uvedale Price, the enthusiast for the Picturesque. Also working in partnership with the landscape architect Humphry Repton, these influences gave Nash a new direction to his architecture. In 1794 he returned to London, and developed a practice as a fashionable exponent of the Picturesque style. John Edwards junior was by this point in close contact with Nash, handling all his legal affairs through his London solicitors practice. By 1809, when the Edwardses were looking to re-build Rheola farmhouse, it is John Nash that they turned to. This was one of his last private commissions, as from 1810 Nash was almost exclusively occupied in works for the Prince Regent.</p><br>
<p>In 1811 John Edwards junior had a son, Nash Vaughan Edwards, named after both his cousin and a fellow lawyer who became the familys benefactor. The work on Rheola House itself did not begin until 1812, and was completed in 1814. The result was a rustic&#39; villa-style building, which retained something of its cottage origins. Following principles of the picturesque, the house is asymmetric, and sits modestly within its wooded landscape. The building has two main facades, each with a full-height bay to one side, and a veranda along one front. The grounds too were given picturesque features. A stables, laundry and an icehouse were built closer to the lake.</p><br>
<h3>Glamorganshire MP</h3><br>
<p>In 1818 John Edwards senior died. John Edwards junior was now in sole possession of Rheola. He had married twice and both wives brought considerable inheritances with them which, added to his own inheritance and successful professional activities, meant he was a person of some substance. He had run for parliament to represent Glamorganshire in 1817 and failed to be elected. The local landed gentry, unimpressed by the idea of an outsider and a mere solicitor representing them, ensured a preferred candidate, Sir Christopher Cole, was elected. At the next year&#39;s general election, Edwards stood again, and Cole could not afford to run against him. Capitalising on his Neath valley residence and Welsh ancestry, Edwards stood as one who would stand up against the clique of landed gentry. He appealed to lesser gentry, industrialists and professional men, and was, uniquely for a county seat, elected against the interests of the leading landowners, who duly snubbed him. Two years later, when his term of office ended, he did not stand again, and chose rather to focus on the Wells constituency, where he served for two further years from 1830.</p><br>
<h3>John and Nash Edwards-Vaughan</h3><br>
<p>One of the people who had backed Edwards Glamorgan campaign was the barrister, William Vaughan of Glanelai&#39;, (Lanelay), Pontyclun, near Cardiff, after whom Nash Vaughan Edwards (1811-1868) had been named. When Mr Vaughan died in 1829, he left father and son his estate, on condition that they took on the Vaughan surname. Thus they became John Edwards-Vaughan and Nash Vaughan Edwards-Vaughan, and acquired properties at Lanelay and at Clase, Llangyfelach, near Swansea.</p><br>
<h3>Victorian summer house</h3><br>
<p>When Nash Vaughan died without children, the estate passed to his sister Jessie, who had married John Lee Hanning (although to inherit Dillington House from his uncle, Edward Lee, he became John Lee Lee). Their son Vaughan Hanning Lee, took the additional surname Vaughan in 1874, and the various estates, including Rheola, passed to his eldest son Arthur Vaughan Hanning Vaughan-Lee in 1882.</p><br>
<p>The grounds by 1899 included orchard, woodland with vista paths, parkland, greenhouses, conservatory, carriage drive, kitchen garden, and pheasantry. Rheola Pond lies just north of the house, with an ice house close by, which was probably built at the same time as the main house. Nash Edwards-Vaughan added several other features to the parkland. A chapel (later demolished) had been built, overlooking the lake, and substantial ornamental tree planting in the park from the period still survives.</p><br>
<h2>Industrial activity</h2><br>
<p>With the rise of industrialisation and coalmining along the Neath valley, it no longer suited its role as a fashionable and picturesque residence. In the 20th century Rheola was the home of Col J. Edwards Vaughan at least until 1926. In 1939 the estate was bought by the British Aluminium Company, who used the house as offices, and built an aluminium smelting plant on a large plot between the house and road. Aluminium smelting requires large amounts of electricity, and the original plan had been to use locally produced electricity, generated with local coal supplies. However World War II broke out before the generators were imported from Switzerland, so the smelting plant attempted to run using national grid electricity, and this was discontinued by 1943. The factory was then in use as a strip mill. The industrial activity had involved an area of hardstanding covering almost 10 hectare, which then was used for screening coal from the nearby coalmines. By 1981 it had ceased to be needed for coal screening, and the estate was sold to local construction and demolition company RM Rees. The house was in serious decline, as were the grade II listed stables and coach house.</p><br>
<h2>Restoration plans</h2><br>
<p>The long term plan of the Rees family, pursued by their son Howard, has been to build houses on the area of industrial activity, which would provide the capital required to both restore the house and estate buildings, and establish leisure and tourism facilities. These facilities would then aim to provide the longer term income stream needed to provide a sustainable future for the buildings and parkland. on the grounds that the building of 46 houses on the 10 ha industrial site, along with 100 log cabins and a leisure complex, constituted an enabling development, which would provide the resources for restoration and a sustainable future for the house and estate.</p><br>
<p>Yellow Smoke Park Bridge is located on the eastern edge of Denison, Iowa, United States. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the washed-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge is one several similar structures built in the county, and one of five that still remain. It was moved to serve a pedestrian path in a county park around 1986. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Nishnabotna River Bridge is located northeast of Manilla, Iowa, United States. It carries traffic on T Avenue over the Nishnabotna River. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge is one several similar structures built in the county, and one of five that still remain. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Nishnabotna River Bridge is located southwest of Manilla, Iowa, United States. It carries traffic on 310th Street over the Nishnabotna River. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge is one several similar structures built in the county, and one of five that still remain. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Beaver Creek Bridge is located northwest of Schleswig, Iowa, United States. It spans Beaver Creek for 134 ft. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge is one several similar structures built in the county, and one of five that still remain. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The Buck Grove Bridge is located southeast of Buck Grove, Iowa, United States. It spans Buck Creek for 70 ft. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge is one several similar structures built in the county, and one of five that still remain. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>The East Soldier River Bridge is located southwest of Charter Oak, Iowa, United States. It carries traffic on 120th Street over the East Soldier River. Steel was in short supply during World War II as a part of the war effort. Many bridges built across the state were built in this era with timber, especially small-scale bridges. Heavy flooding washed out 27 bridges and culverts in Crawford County in May 1945. The county board of supervisors used emergency funds to build new bridges. They bought several steel superstructures from the Des Moines Steel Company to replace the wash-out spans. The bowstring arch-truss structures appear to have been designed by H. Gene McKeown, a civil engineer from Council Bluffs. This bridge is one several similar structures built in the county, and one of five that still remain. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<p>Peabody Bay  is a large bay in northwestern Greenland. Administratively it is part of the Qaasuitsup municipality.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Peabody Bay is located on the eastern side of the Kane Basin off the western end of the Humboldt Glacier.</p><br>
<p>Cape Forbes and the Cass Fjord lie at the northern end of the roughly 80 km wide bay. The McGary Islands lie at the southern end of the bay and the Bonsall Islands lie between that end and Dallas Bay to the SW.</p><br>
<p>Elisha Kane —whose Arctic venture in search of the lost Franklin expedition crossed the area in 1854— had named the Kane Basin itself "Peabody Bay," in honor of philanthropist George Peabody, the major funder of Kane&#39;s expedition. Currently, however, Peabody Bay is this smaller bay at the eastern side of the basin.</p><br>
<p>The Gushee Family House is a historic house at 2868 Sennebec Road in Appleton, Maine. Built about 1833 and remodeled in 1891, it is a well-preserved early rural Maine farmstead, with a well-preserved main entry surround that is unusually elaborate for the house&#39;s scale, but is also common to other period houses in the region. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gushee House stands on the southwest side of Sennebec Road in the village of Appleton, just south of the local public library. It is a 1-1/2 story Cape style wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. It is connected via a series of single-story ells to a 19th-century barn, which has been set on a concrete foundation. The main block of the house is five bays wide, with two sash windows set on either side of an unusually elaborate main entrance. The entry consists of a six-panel door, flanked by half-length sidelight windows and topped by a half-oval fanlight louver. This assembly is framed by pilasters set on plinths, rising to support a broad entablature and cornice. The interior of the house has a typical center-chimney plan, with well-preserved Federal and Greek Revival styling.</p><br>
<p>The house is generally believed to have been built in 1833, the year in which Almond Gushee, Jr., part owner of a local mill, married Elvira Drake. The house remained in the Gushee family into the 1960s, and was enlarged and updated in the 1890s by Francis Gushee. The front entry, which bears some resemblance to Plate 27 in Asher Benjamin&#39;s 1848 The Rudiments of Architecture, is one of several nearly identical entries found in other period houses in Appleton and some neighboring communities. The designer/builder is not known.</p><br>
<p>Saunders Island  is an island in North Star Bay, Baffin Bay, in the Qaasuitsup municipality of NW Greenland.</p><br>
<p>The island is named after Commander James Saunders of the Royal Navy.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island lies off the southern shore of the mouth of Wolstenholme Fjord, north of Wolstenholme Island. Geologically it is composed of stratified rock. It is the largest island in the bay, flat-topped and with steep sides, with a landspit in the northeast. Its highest point is 391 m. The channel to the south, between Saunders Island and the mainland is known as Bylot Sound.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Under Commander James Saunders the HMS North Star sailed to the Arctic in 1849 in the spring on a venture to search and resupply Captain Sir James Clark Ross expedition, who in turn had sailed in 1848 trying to locate the whereabouts of Sir John Franklins expedition.</p><br>
<p>Failing to find Franklin or Ross, Saunderss mission aboard North Star consisted in depositing stores along several named areas of the Canadian Arctic coast and returning to England before the onset of winter. However, James Saunderss ship became trapped by ice off the coast of NW Greenland in North Star Bay. During the winter 1849–50 Saunders named numerous landmarks in that area, including Saunders Island, while wintering in the frozen bay.</p><br>
<p>The Literary Expedition led by Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen wintered in 1903-1904 on the island. Its aim was to make ethnographic research of the local Inuit people. Knud Rasmussen, Harald Moltke and Jørgen Brønlund were also part of this venture.</p><br>
<p>The Fox–Cook Farm is a historic farm property on Cook Drive in Wallingford, Vermont. Established in the 1790s, it is one of the oldest surviving farmsteads in the Otter Creek valley south of Wallingford village. It includes a c. 1800 Cape style farmhouse and a c. 1850 barn, among other outbuildings. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Fox–Cook Farm stands at the end of Cook Drive, a spur road on the west side of United States Route 7 in southern Wallingford. The farm complex extends along the south side of Cook Drive, between the street and a ravine, with a cluster of outbuildings marking the end of the drive. The house is a 1-1/2 story Cape style wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a gabled roof, central chimney, and rubblestone foundation. It is oriented facing east, with views of the Otter Creek valley. Its entrance is framed by sidelight windows, and sheltered by a flat-roof porch with turned posts. The front windows are elongated in the Greek Revival style. A single-story wing is set back and extending to the main block&#39;s left side. The c. 1850 barn is set downslope, to the east of the house, with most of the outbuildings further up the slope behind the house.</p><br>
<p>The farm was established in the 1790s by William Fox, who moved here from Tinmouth. Fox&#39;s heirs sold the farm in the 1820s, now with a house standing on the property, to Lincoln Andrews. It was acquired by the Cooks in 1913, and operated as a dairy farm into the 1940s. It is one of the oldest farmsteads identified by a 1980s survey of the Otter Creek valley in southern Wallingford.</p><br>
<p>Van Norman Lake is a private, all-sports, 66-acre lake along the main branch of the Clinton River, in Oakland County, in the USA state of Michigan.</p><br>
<p>Most of the lake lies within Independence Township; however, the southern portion of the lake is in Waterford Township.</p><br>
<p>The lake was formed when a dam was built in the late 19th century on the Clinton River near Dixie Highway and Andersonville Road. Prior to then, a small pond existed in Waterford Village on the southeastern shore.</p><br>
<p>The 90 ft lake currently has one island. There were three islands as late as the 1980s; however, two have since disappeared due to erosion.</p><br>
<p>Van Norman Lake connects upstream to Lester Lake (12 acres) and Greens Lake (117 acres) to the east and downstream to Townsend Lake (26 acres) and Woodhull Lake (135 acres) to the west.</p><br>
<p>Van Norman Lake is the deepest lake in Independence Township and the sixth-deepest of the 387 lakes in Oakland County. The ten deepest lakes in Oakland County are:</p><br>
<h2>Namesake</h2><br>
<p>Van Norman Lake was named for Zenas Harvey Van Norman, who owned the property along the entire northern shore of the lake from 1886 to 1916. That property was section 32 in Independence Township, Michigan, also known as Waterford Hill. With an elevation of 1,150 feet, his property was the second highest point in Independence Township.</p><br>
<p>Zenas Van Norman was born on January 1, 1822 in Nelson Township, Halton County, Ontario, Canada to Abraham Van Norman (b. Jan 30, 1791 - d. Nov 2, 1879) and Charity (Cummins) Van Norman (b. Oct 17, 1795 - d. Aug 17, 1876).</p><br>
<p>On September 13, 1847, he married Mary Ann France (b. Dec 5, 1825 - d. Oct 18, 1883) and together they had three daughters; Eva Caroline (b. Feb 18, 1851 - d. May 31, 1874), Margaret (b. Jun 23, 1853 - d. Jul 6, 1940) and Bessie Louise (b. Apr 4, 1865 - d. Jun 2, 1946).</p><br>
<p>Van Norman was a fruit grower by trade. He called his Independence Township property Van Norman Farm Resort. There, he grew over fifty varieties of fruit trees.</p><br>
<p>Zenas Van Norman died on December 20, 1917 in Waterford, Michigan. He is buried in Hagaman Cemetery in Lenawee County, Michigan with his wife Mary and daughter Eva.</p><br>
<p>Prior to being named Van Norman Lake, the lake was called Mill Pond.</p><br>
<h2>Fish</h2><br>
<p>Fish in Van Norman Lake include pumpkinseed sunfish, largemouth bass, walleye, northern pike and crappie.</p><br>
<p>The Klondike Hotel, also known as the Park Hotel, is a historic building located in Manilla, Iowa, United States. The economic fortunes of Manilla rose and fell with the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad. The two-story, frame, Italianate style hotel was built by H.J. Kopak in 1897. F.M. Offineer was its first owner. The building features a hipped roof, bracketed eaves, and a full-length front porch. It was built a block away from the Milwaukee depot. It served both passengers and crews from trains that had an overnight layover in Manilla. In the early 20th-century Manilla became the junction on the Milwaukees mainline across Iowa where trains continued on to Omaha or on to the Pacific extension through South Dakota and across the American West. The hotels name was changed to the Park Hotel in 1903, and an addition was built onto the rear of the hotel in 1905. It went through a succession of owners, and its financial success was dependent on the business brought to it by the railroad. The hotel was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1996.</p><br>
<p>Mamelles is an island in Seychelles, lying 14 km northeast of Mahe. It is uninhabited and has an area of 6 hectares.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mamelles Island is a granite island with a length of 300 m, a width of 210 meters, covered with little vegetation. The fauna of the island is represented only by wild rabbits and sea birds, including terns, which nest on the island.</p><br>
<p>The name of the island comes from the French word «mamelles», which means "breast". This strange island was called because of its shape - two high hills in the south and the north, and a relatively deep hollow between them. On the southern hill, which is slightly higher than the north, There is a lighthouse which was constructed in 15 December 1911.</p><br>
<p>On the shores of the island, the wreck of the tanker Ennerdale from 1970, which is a favorite dive site.</p><br>
<p>The Z.T. Dunham Pioneer Stock Farm, also known as the Dunham Horse Barn, is a historic barn located northwest of Dunlap, Iowa, United States. The 40 by brick structure with a gable roof was built by Z.T. Dunham and his brother Sam. The brothers were partners in a farming operation left to them in their father&#39;s estate. Their father, Cornelius Dunham, had been one of the original settlers in Crawford County, Iowa in 1849. At the same time the barn was built a house for their mother was also constructed. A country road now separates the house and the barn. The two brothers went their own way in the mid 1870s, and Z.T. Dunham continued to operate the farm where he specialized in raising Shorthorn cattle and Poland China hogs. The barn represents the period of large scale beef production, and its importance to the local economy. The barn was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993. The farm remains in the Dunham family.</p><br>
<p>Round is an island in Seychelles, lying 550 m southeast of the island of Praslin and 48 km north-east of the island of Mahe</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Round is a granite island, its length from north to south is 380 m and width from west to east is 620 m. The island is covered with dense tropical vegetation. it has a 75-metre high summit, symmetrical in shape and surrounded by crystal clear water.</p><br>
<p>Once on the island grew endemic Lodoicea, but it was cut down for the cultivation of Coconut palms and production of Copra.</p><br>
<p>The island is privately owned, and has a small luxury resort, and a private home of the owners family.</p><br>
<p>There is also a Round Island near the island of Mahé.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, the island&#39;s main industry is tourism, and it is known for its beaches, especially Anse Chez Gabi.</p><br>
<p>One can go on a boat trip or a diving trip around the island.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Ile St. Pierre is an uninhabited island of the Seychelles. It is located north of the island of Praslin in the east of Curieuse Island on the edge of the Curieuse Marine National Park. The distance from the island to Pointe Zanguilles on Praslin is 1.5 km.</p><br>
<p>The waters around Île St. Pierre are a firm favourite with swimmers, snorkellers and yachtsmen for whom the island provides the ideal backdrop to a spectacular Seychelles sunset.</p><br>
<p>One of several islands in the bay of Côte d&#39;Or on Praslin, this tiny islet with its granite profile interspersed with some Coconut palms has come, over the years, to represent the quintessential Seychelles island, appearing in numerous advertisement campaigns, posters and evocative photographs.</p><br>
<p>Reality TV filmed on its shores The Amazing Race 16#Leg 7 (France → Seychelles).</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is rocky, with some Coconut trees, and previously had Lodoicea trees.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Wolstenholme Island, is an island in Baffin Bay, in the Qaasuitsup municipality, off northwestern Greenland.</p><br>
<p>The island lies west of the Bylot Sound off the southern shore of the mouth of Wolstenholme Fjord, south of Saunders Island. It is smaller than the latter and made of gneiss.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Under Commander James Saunders the North Star sailed to the Arctic in 1849 in the spring on a venture to search and resupply Captain Sir James Clark Ross expedition, who in turn had sailed in 1848 trying to locate the whereabouts of Sir John Franklins expedition.</p><br>
<p>Failing to find Franklin or Ross, Saunderss mission aboard HMS North Star consisted in depositing stores along several named areas of the Canadian Arctic coast and returning to England before the onset of winter. However, James Saunderss ship&#39;s progress was hindered by large amounts of ice in Melville Bay and it finally became trapped by ice off the coast of northwestern Greenland in North Star Bay. A paper left by Saunders in a cairn reads thus:</p><br>
<p>During the winter 1849–50 Saunders named numerous landmarks in that area, including Wolstenholme Island, while wintering in the frozen bay.</p><br>
<p>Adam Beck, John Ross Inuit interpreter during his 1850 Third Arctic expedition, had told a grisly story —reportedly heard by him from Greenland Inuit people— about a massacre of Franklins men on Wolstenholme Island. Nevertheless, a thorough search of the island yielded no evidence and Adam Beck&#39;s story was discarded.</p><br>
<p>The bay was the site of a Cold War nuclear accident when a B-52 bomber carrying four thermonuclear bombs crashed, spreading contaminated material over the area. A location south of Wolstenholme Island served as background reference.</p><br>
<h2>Images</h2><br>
<p>Perungudi Lake  is a 50-acre water body located near Chennai&#39;s IT corridor, Rajiv Gandhi Salai, India. It is one of the few protected lakes of Chennai, fully fenced with compound wall and pathways laid on its east and south side for walkers.</p><br>
<p>In the past, the lake was a major source of water for irrigation to its neighborhood agricultural lands. Presently it is still catering to the drinking water needs of few colonies surrounding the lake, and holds the ground water levels. Excess rain later flows into the lake through storm water channels from the nearby residential areas.</p><br>
<p>Perungudi lake is connected with Pallikaranai wetland through marsh lands spreading across Perungudi/Velachery/Pallikaranai.</p><br>
<p>Prominent communities near by include Kurinji Nagar, Kamaraj Nagar, Lake view apartment (Ramana building), Green Acres to name a few.</p><br>
<h2>2015 flooding and reexamination</h2><br>
<p>This lake reached its full capacity during the cloudburst that hit Chennai in December 2015. Prior to that not even 25% of water was retained by the lake due to poor maintenance of water inlets and encroachments. The beauty of the lake caught the attention of its nearby residents and motivated them to start a people&#39;s forum to protect the lake from pollution, abuse, encroachments, sewage water letdown, defecation, and water theft. From sprucing up the lake to hold a Lake Festival (PLF 2016- Perungudi Lake Festival 2016) on January 26th of 2016, like-minded individuals from nearby 15 residential association joined hands together for the cause of protecting the lake as the Perungudi Lake Area Neighbourhood Environment Transformation (PLANET). PLANET is a registered body of all resident associations around Perungudi lake. PLANET celebrated PLF 2017 in the month of February 2017 with several art and cultural programs with a perspective of promoting waterbodies. PLANET planted several tree saplings in and around the lake and regularly monitoring its growth. TN PWD supports the activities by the PLANET.</p><br>
<p>Meteorite Island  is an island in Baffin Bay, in the Qaasuitsup municipality, off NW Greenland.</p><br>
<p>The Cape York Meteorite fell thousands of years ago on the southern shore of this island.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Meteorite Island is quite barren and desolate. It lies off the shore of Meteor Bay and is part of a small chain of coastal islands formed by Meteorite Island, Salve Island, George Island, Bushnan Island and a small islet, and is the largest of the group. This chain of islands is located between Cape York and Cape Melville.</p><br>
<p>The Inuit village of Savissivik is located at the southwestern end of Meteorite Island. The settlement has a heliport, Savissivik Heliport and in 2010 it had 66 inhabitants.</p><br>
<p>In the Greenlandic language, the name of the settlement Savissivik means place of meteorite iron (savik=iron/knife), alluding to the numerous meteorites from 10,000 years ago that have been found in the area. The meteorite is estimated to have weighed 100 tonnes before it exploded. The iron from the meteorite attracted migrating Inuit from Arctic Canada.</p><br>
<h2>Introduction</h2><br>
<p>Jangali Jayagad is located in Patan taluka of Satara District. This fort is situated on a hilly spur from the main ridge of Sahyadri. This fort is less visited due to its occurrence in Koyana Wildlife sanctuary.The nearby village is Nawja. The trek to the fort can easily be completed in a day.</p><br>
<h2>Places of interest</h2><br>
<p>The fort is in a very dilapidated condition. There is no main entrance gate, water cistern or caves on the fort. There is an old well and ruins of Devi temple. The path to the fort passes through dense forest. The scats, droppings,hoof marks and pugmarks of various wild animals can be seen. The path is regularly used by wild Gaur( Bison). The dwindling ghat road to Chiplun can be seen from the fort. The jungle is home to variety of Insects, Birds, reptiles and animals.</p><br>
<h2>How to reach</h2><br>
<p>Nearest town is Koyananagar which is 43 km from Chiplun. There are good hotels and resorts in Koyananagar. The entry permission to the fort is to be obtained from the forest office at Koyananagar. The village Nawja is located at 11 km from Koyananagar. There are authorised forest local guides staying in Nawja, whose participation in the trek is compulsory. The road from Nawja to the tunnel is to be followed for more 3 km. The vehicles are to be kept on the road and further a trekking of 1 hr leads to the fort. There are leeches and ticks in the forest during humid weather condition.</p><br>
<p>Mamga Bay  is a bay in the Tuguro-Chumikansky District of Khabarovsk Krai, Russian Federation.</p><br>
<p>Beluga whales are frequently seen in the bay.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Mamga Bay is a small bay located on the northwestern side of Tugur Bay. It lies in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk. The bay is open to the south and a small river, the Mamga, flows into it from the west.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Hawaiian whaling schooners wintered in Mamga Bay from 1856 to 1862. They called it Caroline Harbor, after the schooner Caroline (106 tons), which was the first to winter there in 1856-1857. The crew left with her all died of scurvy. These schooners acted as tenders to barques, which sent boat crews ahead in the early summer with provisions to cruise for bowhead whales with the schooners before the ships were able to work their way through the ice to Tugur Bay.</p><br>
<p>In the summer of 1862 the Russian-American Company (RAC) established a whaling station on the tip of the peninsula that forms the eastern side of the bay. Under the command of a Captain Elfsberg of the Imperial Navy, two schooners obtained 2,700 bbls of whale oil and 31,000 lbs of whalebone between 1863 and 1865. In 1865 the station and one of the schooners, the Caroline, were sold to Otto Wilhelm Lindholm, who operated another station at the head of Tugur Bay. With the Caroline and another schooner, the Hannah Rice (160 tons), purchased the following year, Lindholm cruised for bowhead whales in Tugur Bay and in adjacent bays and gulfs.</p><br>
<p>Whales were towed to the station, where they were flensed on the beach and their blubber rendered into oil at a tryworks on the point. A chartered vessel from Nikolayevsk took aboard the oil and bone at the end of the season to either Honolulu or San Francisco. Lindholm and his men wintered in the houses abandoned by the RAC, while the schooners were hauled up onto the riverbank at the mouth of the Mamga River to protect them from being damaged by the ice. In 1870 and 1871 he took down two of the houses on the point and loaded them onto one of his schooners and sailed to Nakhodka for the winter, leaving subordinates in command of the station. Lindholm used the station as a base for whaling as late as 1876, when he sent his steam-brig Sibir to pick up the catch there.</p><br>
<p>American whaleships visited Mamga to sell goods and receive repairs from ice damage.</p><br>
<p>Lindholm Strait  is a strait in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk. It separates Malyy Shantar and Belichiy Islands to the north from the Tugur Peninsula to the south. At its narrowest it is only 3.2 km  wide. Tides are semidiurnal. Springs rise 4.9 m , while neaps rise 3.6 m . The flood current sets west, while the stronger ebb current flows in the opposite direction. The former creates large eddies and whirlpools. Tidal currents vary from 3.5 to 6 knots.</p><br>
<p>In the summer bowhead whales can be seen in the strait.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The strait was frequented by American whaleships hunting bowhead whales between 1855 and 1885. They called it Shantar Gut or simply The Gut. They hunted whales in the strait or passed through it on favorable tides as they traveled back and forth between Tugur and Ulban Bays.</p><br>
<p>Uda Gulf or Uda Bay  is a bay or gulf in Khabarovsk Krai, Russian Federation.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Uda Gulf is located in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk. It lies just west of the Shantar Islands. The Uda River flows into it. It is entered between Cape Madzhalinda (55°17 N, 136°07 E) and Cape Malaya Dugandzha (54°41 N, 136°39 E). It is about 64.4 km (40 mi) wide. Trees line its shores, principally fir. Calms and light winds prevail from March or April to June, while southwesterly winds are common in July and August. Northwesterly gales and northeast storms are frequent in October and November. During the winter northwesterly winds are prevalent. The gulf is normally enshrouded in fog during the spring and early summer. Ice typically occurs in the gulf between November and mid-July. During favorable years the ice may leave by June, but after severe winters it may remain throughout the year. Tides are semidiurnal. Springs rise 6.1 to 7.3 m (20 to 24 ft), while neaps rise 4.2 m (13.8 ft). Tidal currents can reach four or five knots and create a large whirlpool between Cape Tyl&#39;sky and Medvezhy Island.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Between 1852 and 1905, American and Russian whaleships cruised for bowhead whales in the gulf. They called it Southwest Bay. Some traded tobacco for salmon with the natives. The barque Louisa, of New Bedford, reported as many as fifty ships in sight in the bay at one time, ten of which were boiling oil.</p><br>
<p>Three ships were wrecked in the gulf. The bark Ocean Wave (380 tons), under Captain Hiram Baker, of New Bedford, and the bark Phoenix (323 tons), under Captain Bethel Handy, of Nantucket, were both wrecked during a gale on the night of 11 October 1858. The former was lost with all hands on one of the Pinnacle Rocks, while the latter was run ashore on Medvezhy Island. After spending a winter ashore, Captain Handy and his crew were rescued the following spring. On 18 September 1864, the barque Mary (287 tons), of New Bedford, was wrecked in Northeast Harbor, on the north side of the bay, during a gale. Her captain, Edwin P. Thompson, traveled to the Russian whaling station Mamga in Tugur Bay, where she was sold at auction for between $970 and $1,100 to Otto Wilhelm Lindholm. The second mate and four men guarded the wreck during the winter, and the following spring Lindholm salvaged what valuables he could before setting her afire.</p><br>
<p>Russian schooners and boat crews from Tugur and Mamga also cruised for bowheads in the bay from 1864 to 1871.</p><br>
<h2>Wildlife</h2><br>
<p>In the spring and summer beluga whales aggregate at the head of Uda Gulf to feed on spawning fish in the Uda and Torom river estuaries, while in the summer and fall bowhead whales also come here to feed.</p><br>
<p>The Alexander Thoirs House is the oldest surviving brick house in Wabasha, Minnesota, United States, and the earliest example of the brick merchant houses that characterized the citys 19th-century streetscape. It was built in two phases in 1868 and 1870 for a successful local shoemaker. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989 for having local significance in the theme of architecture. It was nominated for its status in the citys early housing stock, its fine Greek Revival architecture, and its embodiment of the success of Wabashas early merchant class, which helped establish the citys own commercial importance.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Alexander Thoirs House is a wood frame building with a brick veneer. The main section is a two-story rectangle, with a one-and-a-half-story wing centered on one side, giving the house a "T"-shaped footprint. The foundation is cement-plastered limestone. A porch spans the front of the main wing and wraps around to attach to the side wing. The house sits prominently on a corner lot facing northeast.</p><br>
<p>The house is unornamented aside from the distinctive gable returns of Greek Revival architecture. Other elements of the style include the low gables, sidehall plan, and general proportions. The brick veneer and arched windows, however, are quite atypical of Greek Revival.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Alexander Thoirs was a Scottish immigrant who had this home built for himself in 1868 shortly after arriving in Wabasha. Two years later he had additional work done on the house, which was likely when the T-wing was added. He established himself as a shoe- and bootmaker, one of the merchants who helped position Wabasha as a commercial center for finished goods in the region even before the arrival of railroad access. The unusual use of brick veneer—and the lower quality of the brick, which is fairly soft—suggest the underdeveloped construction and manufacturing industries of the time, and the lack of transportation infrastructure to deliver more refined materials and methods.</p><br>
<p>The front porch was added in the 1920s. At an unknown date, an enclosed wooded porch replaced an open porch in the south corner and a canopy was added to the rear of the house to serve as a basic carport.</p><br>
<p>The Thoirs House is the oldest of some 20 brick residences surviving from the 19th century in Wabasha. All were built by the first two generations of the city&#39;s merchant class, forming a distinctive architectural stock that contrasts with the elaborate wood-frame Victorian architecture that characterized most other communities in Minnesota. As time went on the choice of building material appears to have been a matter of local taste rather than accessibility, as Wabasha was not a major manufacturer of brick compared to Lake City and Red Wing upriver.</p><br>
<p>The Warren Block is a historic commercial building at Cumberland and Main Streets in Westbrook, Maine. Built in 1882 to a design by John Calvin Stevens, it is a sophisticated example of commercial Queen Anne architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Warren Block stands southeast of the S. D. Warren Paper Mill, at the junction of Main and Cumberland Streets, at that point two one-way streets forming (along with Harnois Avenue) a large island occupied mainly by commercial buildings. The building&#39;s front facade faces Cumberland Street, but it also has frontage on Main Street, and is separated from the actual road junction by an attached small modern single-story commercial building. The block is a three story building, with brick exterior on the lower two floors and a shingled exterior on the third. It is basically rectangular, with a narrower section projecting toward the street corner, and a large polygonal section projecting toward Main Street. The front facade has three storefronts, with recessed entries, although some of these have been modernized. The building entrance to the upper floors is set to their left, with a decorative gabled and bracketed hood sheltering it. Windows on the second floor are set in segmented-arch openings, with multipane upper sashes and transoms.</p><br>
<p>The block was built in 1882 for Samuel D. Warren, owner of the Warren Paper Mill, as a service to the mill community. Its upper floors housed offices and a large community meeting space, which was used by fraternal organizations such as the International Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. It was designed by John Calvin Stevens, then working in partnership with Francis H. Fassett.</p><br>
<p>The Gorham Covered Bridge carries Gorham Bridge Road across Otter Creek in a rural area of Pittsford and Proctor, Vermont. It is a Town lattice truss bridge, built in 1841 by Abraham Owen and Nicholas M. Powers, the latter in the early stages of his career as a well-known bridgewright. The bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Gorham Covered Bridge joins northern Proctor and southern Pittsford, both rural communities in central-northern Rutland County, Vermont. It carries Gorham Bridge Road across Otter Creek, a minor side road which forms the town boundary at that point. The bridge is oriented east-west across the north-flowing creek. It is a single span Town lattice truss, 114 ft in length, resting on stone abutments that have been faced in concrete. The bridge has been strengthened by the addition of laminated beams below the road deck, which is 18 ft wide. The bridge&#39;s exterior is sheathed in vertical board siding, which ends short of the roof line, and is topped by a gabled roof now covered in corrugated metal. The siding extends around the sides to the portal faces, and a short way inside the portals.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1841, and is one of Vermonts oldest surviving covered bridges. It was built by Abraham Owen and Nicholas M. Powers, the latter then an apprentice to Owen. Powers, A Vermont native, was one of the best-known 19th-century bridgewrights, credited with a large number of covered bridges. At the time of this bridges listing on the National Register in 1974, it was one of three surviving Vermont bridges known to have been built by Powers.</p><br>
<p>Chews Resolution Manor, also known as Avoca, Resolution Manor, is a historic home and slave plantation located south of Ellicott City, Howard County, Maryland.</p><br>
<p>Avoca was patented by Samuel Chew in 1695 as "Chews Resolution Manor" and "Chews Vineyard". In 1877, the property was listed as part of the prominent Dr. Michael Pues estate of 176-acres sold to Alfred W. Thoms. The land at the time was described as being "on the road from the Columbia Turnpike to Elkridge Landing and to Waterloo at the terminus of the New Cut Road&#39;... The neighborhood is noted for the salubrity of its climate, the beauty of its scenery, and the culture and elegance of its residents. Mrs. Comfort W. Dorsey, Messrs. James Clark, John C. White, Henry Winter, I. Monroe Mercer and Captain Jonett USA Navy, are among the nearest neighbors.... The Dwelling is of Granite... The Barn is immense."</p><br>
<p>Adranon  is ancient polis and archaeological site on the southwestern slopes of Mount Etna, near Simeto River, known for the "simetite" variety of amber" northwest of Catania. The ancient city was founded by the ancient Greek ruler Dionysius I of Syracuse around 400 BCE upon a pre-Hellenic neolithic settlement, near a temple dedicated to the god Adranus, worshiped throughout Sicily. Adranus was associated with volcanoes and equated eventually with Hephaestus. The city was conquered by Timoleon at 343-342 BCE and subjugated to Rome in 263 BCE. Romans declared it a civitas stipendiaria .</p><br>
<h2>The archaeological site</h2><br>
<p>The area of the archaeological site has been explored at the beginning of this century, but the first excavations took place in 1959. The perimeter of the walls is delimiting the ancient city in the East-West axis. On the south side of town, along the river, a steep ravine strengthened the defense of the city. The north side of the site is buried under modern buildings and constructions. The walls were built of ashlar stones of basalt and are in good condition on the east side. In the northeastern edge of the wall the existing rectangular tower is incorporated in St. Francis Church.</p><br>
<h2>From prehistory to the Classical Era</h2><br>
<p>It seems that the Adranon region was inhabited in prehistoric times, as shown by recent findings of the Neolithic period in districts of the modern city. Traces also have been found of indigenous peoples human settlements during historic era. Not yet excavated, except for a small part, there is a native town of Mendolito region, connected to Adranon&#39;s topography, whose name remains unknown to date. According to Α. Franco this anonymous settlement of Contrada Mendolito is identified as Piakos, (Πίακος). G. K. Jenkins who published a coin with the obverse legend ΠΙΑΚΙΝΟΣ (PIAKINOS) and ΑΔΡΑΝ (ADRAN) on the reverse, recognized ΑΔΡΑΝ as ΑΔΡΑΝΟΝ (ADRANON), a numismatic evidence of connection between Piakos and Adranon. Other researches identify ΑΔΡΑΝ as ΑΔΡΑΝΙΤΩΝ, the ethnic in the genitive case.</p><br>
<p>Important are the findings of the eighth or seventh century BCE, which include among others a treasure-trove of bronze artefacts and a gate of the city of 6th century BCE, with a Sicel inscription not yet deciphered. Several other finds in the area are now in the Archaeological Museum of Ardano.</p><br>
<p>The exact location of the Temple of Adranus, whose cult probably linked to the activity of Etna, is still unknown. Sixteen basaltic pillars are now part of the internal structure of contemporary temple Chiesa Madre, standing next to the Norman castle in Umberto I Square. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that the temple of the Adranus is in the same area. Among other finds, the settlement of Politselo region yielded a wonderful sample of Sicilian art of the fifth century BCE, the bronze figure of a naked athlete (exhibit at the Syracuse Museum).</p><br>
<p>Excavations of classical strata revealed so far residences of the 4th century BCE, with Italiote pottery red-figure of good style, and interesting treasure of modern currencies. No other monument of the city is yet known. The polis minted coins during Timoleon&#39;s rule with the figure of Adranus the river deity. Two successive excavations have investigated the walls and part of the ancient cemetery lying southeast of the city (Sciare Manganelli). The graves belong to a type uncommon in Sicily, consisting of small circular structures in the lava stone that are vaguely reminiscent of Mycenaean domes (tholoi).</p><br>
<p>The Chicago & Northwestern Passenger Depot and Baggage Room-Carroll, also known as the Carroll Depot is a historic building located in Carroll, Iowa, United States. It is an example of a replacement station built along its Iowa mainline by the Chicago and North Western Railway  in 1896. It replaced a two-story, frame, combination station that was first built in 1867 by its predecessor line, the Cedar Rapids and Missouri River Railroad. That building had experienced two fires. The CNW had built two branch lines from Carroll in 1877 and 1880, which increased business and necessitated a larger depot. A separate wooden freight house had been built in 1888. Chicago architect Charles Sumner Frost designed this station in the Romanesque Revival style. The baggage room is separated from the depot by a breezeway. Frost designed at least 15 stations for the CNW in Iowa and Nebraska and another 14 in the Chicago area. The building represents the prosperity of the line during the Golden Age of Railroads.</p><br>
<p>Passenger service ended here in 1959, and the building was used by the railroad for storage for years after that. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The American Express Building-Carroll, also known as the Carroll Express Building is a historic structure located in Carroll, Iowa, United States. Like the Chicago & Northwestern Passenger Depot across the street, the express building is an example of a replacement station built during the Golden Age of Steam Railroading. It replaced a frame, structure that was built sometime between 1888 and 1893. The Chicago and North Western Railway  had built two branch lines from Carroll in 1877 and 1880, which increased business and necessitated the building of the original express building between 1883 and 1888. Chicago architect Charles Sumner Frost designed this building, and the depot. They are similar in design, and were both completed in 1896. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1990.</p><br>
<p>American Express was one of several independent express companies that leased facilities from the railroads. The railroads also carried and serviced their cars for another fee. In general, this was a service to the railroads as these companies generally handled small shipments, which were not as cost-effective as the larger shipments they handled themselves.</p><br>
<p>Cairns Technical College and High School Building is a heritage-listed state school at Sheridan Street, Cairns North, Cairns, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Nigel Laman Thomas of the Department of Public Works  and built from 1939 to 1941 by day labour. It is also known as Block A of Cairns State High School. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 May 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Cairns Technical College and High School building was constructed in 1941 as a purpose-designed facility for state-run secondary and technical education in Cairns. It was designed by the Department of Public Works as part of the Queensland Governments unemployment relief program during the 1930s and was built using day labour during a period of pronounced construction in Cairns. This commanding, three-storey brick building at the corner of Sheridan and Upward Streets is an important element in the citys streetscape.</p><br>
<p>Trinity Bay, traditional country of the Yirrganydji people, was chosen as the port for the Hodgkinson goldfield in 1876. The first settlers arrived in October that year and Cairns became a port of entry on 1 November 1876. Its future as a regional centre was almost stifled by competition from Port Douglas; however, the announcement of Cairns as the preferred terminus for a railway in September 1884 assured its future as the main settlement and port for far north Queensland. It was declared a municipality (the Borough of Cairns) in 1885.</p><br>
<p>State education in Cairns began in 1878 with the opening of Cairns Central State School in Aplin Street.</p><br>
<p>The government (initially the New South Wales Government, and then the Queensland Government after the separation of Queensland in 1859) played an important role in the provision of formal education from 1848 and over time it strengthened and expanded its provision of state education. The Education Act 1860 established the Queensland Board of General Education and began to standardise curriculum, teacher training, and facilities. The Education Act 1875 provided a number of key initiatives for primary education; it was to be free, compulsory and secular. The Department of Public Instruction was established to administer the Act. This move standardised the provision of education and, despite difficulties, colonial educators achieved a remarkable feat in bringing basic literacy to most Queensland children by 1900.</p><br>
<p>Establishing schools was considered an essential step in the development of early Queensland communities. The formal education of Queensland children was seen as integral to the success of a town, the colony, and the nation. Land and construction labour was often donated by the local people and schools frequently became a major focus within the community as a place symbolising progress, for social interaction, and as a source of pride. Also, the development and maintenance of schools frequently involved donations and work by teachers, parents, and pupils. Due to their significant connections with the local community, schools have occasionally incorporated other socially important elements such as war memorials and halls used for community purposes. They also typically retain a significant enduring connection with former pupils, their parents, and teachers. Social events involving a wide portion of the local community have often been held at schools, utilising the buildings and grounds - such as fetes, markets, public holiday celebrations, school break-up days, fundraisers, sporting events, reunions, and dances.</p><br>
<p>As in other Australian colonies, the Queensland Government developed standard plans for its school buildings. This helped to ensure consistency and economy. The standard designs were continually refined by government architects in response to changing needs and educational philosophy. Queensland school buildings were particularly innovative in their approach to climate control, lighting, and ventilation. Due to the standardisation of facilities, schools across the state were developed in distinctly similar ways and became complexes of typical components.</p><br>
<p>Higher education in Cairns was offered by private schools from at least the 1880s. Citizens of Cairns agitated for a state high school from around 1915 and in February 1917 Cairns State High School was established as a secondary department on the grounds of the Cairns Central State School (then called the Cairns Boys&#39; State School).</p><br>
<p>In Queensland, the government was slow to establish state secondary education, considering this to be of little relevance to Queensland&#39;s primary industry-based economy. The Grammar Schools Act 1860 provided scholarships for high-achieving students to attend elite grammar schools, although few were awarded. It was not until 1912 that the government instituted a high school system, whereby separate high schools were established in major towns. In Queensland generally, high schools remained few in number until after World War II, when secondary education was generally accepted as essential and was more widely provided for.</p><br>
<p>From their introduction, the design of high school buildings was the responsibility of the Department of Public Works. Initially, high schools were established within existing technical colleges, utilising their buildings to save expense. The first purpose-built high school buildings were constructed in 1917 and were large, elaborate buildings that were variations of a standard design introduced in 1914, as well as vocational education buildings built to standard designs.</p><br>
<p>By 1918 the high school in Cairns was considered inadequate and a separate high school was requested. At the same time, the Cairns Technical College (a private institute established prior to 1899) was looking to move out of their accommodation within the Cairns School of Arts. The Department of Public Instruction took over the operation of Cairns Technical College, combined it with the high school, and created Cairns Technical High School in 1924. This occurred at other technical colleges in Queensland after the Technical Instruction Act 1908 empowered the government to take over technical colleges run by local school of arts committees. The government had taken an active interest in technical education from the early 1900s. This came from a widespread concern about the growing industrial success of Germany, attributed to its extensive technical education program, and from Queensland&#39;s growing manufacturing sector, which created a need for a more skilled workforce in a variety of trades. After 1908 the government expanded their provision of technical education, establishing new colleges in several centres, including Maryborough, Bundaberg, Rockhampton and Mackay. Over the 20th century, the government expanded its provision of technical education to form an integral element of their program. Cairns Technical High School began teaching students from 28 January 1924 in new timber buildings on a large central site on Sheridan Street, officially opened 2 June 1925 by the Minister for Public Instruction, Thomas Wilson. The site had been reserved for a number of civic uses including a school as early as 1910.</p><br>
<p>Cairns experienced a major phase of development during the 1920s and 1930s. It was declared the City of Cairns in 1923, when it had a population of 8000. This rose to 12,000 by 1933, and 15,700 by 1941. Factors contributing to prosperity in Far North Queensland, and increased building activity in Cairns, included: the Cairns hinterland Soldier Settlement Schemes of the 1920s; the continued success of the local sugar industry; the expansion of wharf facilities; ships bringing tourists from the southern states; the completion of the North Coast railway line to Brisbane in 1924; the opening of the Gilles Highway (1926) and the Captain Cook Highway (1933); the extensive re-building necessitated by cyclones in the 1920s; and the poor condition of earlier timber structures.</p><br>
<p>In particular, the city centre became dominated by masonry and reinforced concrete structures during the interwar period. Important civic buildings were constructed, most in a Classical architectural style, intended to re-affirm the power and presence of government in the community. These included the Court House (1921), Cairns City Council Chambers (1930), Public Offices (1936), Customs House (1937), and Cairns Technical College and High School. The construction of these buildings by the Queensland Government reflected the confidence in the growth of Cairns as an important regional centre during the interwar period.</p><br>
<p>As the population of Cairns grew over the interwar period, the existing timber buildings of Cairns Technical High School were unable to accommodate the student population. A new brick building was designed by architect Nigel Laman Thomas of the Department of Public Works in July 1938.This was one of an important group of brick school buildings designed during and immediately after the Great Depression as part of the government&#39;s unemployment relief program. This program began in 1932 when newly elected Premier William Forgan Smith instituted a capital works program focussed on building modern infrastructure to provide relief work for unemployed Queenslanders. The "improvement" of schools was a primary aspect of the scheme. The relief work program ended in 1938, transitioning into a permanent, long-term, capital works program. It was under this program that the new brick building for the school was designed and built.</p><br>
<p>The pattern of brick school buildings in prosperous or rising suburban areas that had begun in the early 1900s continued during the 1930s on a much larger scale. The 1930s buildings form a recognisable and important type, exhibiting many common characteristics. Frequently, they were two storeys high above an open undercroft and built to accommodate up to 1000 students. They adopted a symmetrical plan and had Neo-Classical stylistic elements and a prominent central entry. They were able to be built in stages if necessary. The plan arrangement was similar to that of timber school buildings, being only one classroom deep, accessed by a long straight verandah. Ideally, the classrooms would face south with the verandah on the north but little concession was made for this and almost all brick school buildings faced the primary boundary road, regardless of orientation. Classrooms were commonly divided by folding timber partitions and the undercroft was used for covered play space, storage, toilets and other functions. However, the Cairns building is unusual in that it was built on a corner, and also right to the footpath, which increases its streetscape presence.</p><br>
<p>The Department of Public Works and the Department of Public Instruction in Queensland were extremely enthusiastic about the brick school buildings designed in the 1930s. They were considered monuments to progress embodying the most modern principles of the ideal education environment.</p><br>
<p>The marble foundation stone of the new brick building for Cairns, which reads "Cairns Technical College and High School", was laid on 7 October 1939 by Henry Adam Bruce, the Minister for Public Works and Public Instruction. The building was constructed using day labour and cost over £30,000 and was officially opened 5 February 1941 by Attorney General, John O&#39;Keefe. It was described as "magnificent" and a reminder that "education and democracy go hand in hand". The school continued to use the old timber buildings, which were altered to accommodate a new intermediate school. Also, new technical college workshops for engineering and plumbing trades were completed, and tennis courts were added to the grounds. The school was the only purpose-built state high school north of Townsville until 1960.</p><br>
<p>The new building had two long, narrow wings forming an L-shape abutting the Sheridan and Upward Street boundaries, with a prominent central entry diagonally facing the intersection. Designed in a Neo-Classical style, the three-storey structure was brick and concrete with a hipped roof. The exterior had a rendered base and had upper levels of face brick with rendered dressings. The entry had a round arched opening with giant order Ionic columns above, flanking a tall window into a stair hall. Glazing throughout the building was timber-framed and featured fine, timber glazing bars forming multiple panes.</p><br>
<p>The ground floor understorey was largely open, providing a protected playing area and also accommodating a teachers room, a girls retiring room, and a students reading room. Toilets for girls and female teachers were located in a single-storey section at the end of the Upward Street wing of the understorey, while toilets for the boys and male teachers were located at the end of the Sheridan Street wing. The first floor housed the principals room and domestic science rooms (dressmaking room, dining room, cookery room, laundry, and drying room) in the Sheridan Street wing, and a general office, classroom, science laboratory and lecture room in the Upward Street wing. The second floor accommodated five classrooms (three connected by folding partitions), bookkeeping and typewriting rooms, drawing room, and a teachers&#39; room. Hat and coat rooms were on each floor and the building had a central main entrance hall and terrazzo stairs. The classrooms faced onto the streets (south-west and south-east) and circulation was via an 8 ft (2.4m) wide verandah on the opposite side (north-west and north-east).</p><br>
<p>Contemporary reports stated: the building would "appeal to the aesthetic taste, and the dimensions of the building commensurate with the rapid progress of the city, besides being a valuable asset from an educational point of view".</p><br>
<p>The new building for Cairns Technical College and High School opened during World War II, but the war had only a minor effect on the operation of the school. Cairns became an important supply and repair centre during the war, and a US Army hospital was built near the school on land that in 2014 is the school oval. Also, part of the school site near Grove Street was used as a military prison, and air raid slit trenches were dug in the schools playing fields. While the military presence increased, the civilian population decreased. In early 1942 over one third of Cairns population evacuated the city. Also, the Queensland Government closed all coastal state schools in January 1942 (although this decision was soon reversed). Because of these factors, Cairns Technical College and High School opened a month late in 1942, with a much-reduced student population. The intended opening of the intermediate school in 1942 was also delayed.</p><br>
<p>In 1946, memorial prizes were established at Cairns Technical College and High School in honour of past students killed in World War II. Schools in Queensland were a prominent community social focus and often became a location for the addition of war and other memorials. Most often, honour boards for past students killed in war were hung in prominent locations on the walls of school buildings, through money raised from within the local community. These became important places for remembrance ceremonies for the school and wider public. Also, it was not infrequent that Queensland schools received bequests from past students. This was the case at Cairns and the school established honour boards and memorial prizes from funds donated in memory of past pupils, teachers, and local citizens. At times these were considerable amounts, providing for perpetual annual prizes and substantial memorials. Over time, additional memorial boards were erected in the first floor foyer of the Cairns Technical College and High School building, recording the names of Dux winners, head prefects, and champion athletes.</p><br>
<p>In 1946 Mr M McGrath, principal of the Cairns State High and Intermediate School reflected that the school was "now a very complex institution comprising a technical college, a junior teachers training college, the high school and the intermediate school".</p><br>
<p>In the 1950s the number of high schools in Queensland increased significantly. Reflecting the connected growth of suburbanisation and a move towards a decentralised population in urban centres, new high schools were located in suburban areas rather than the centre of town. The grounds were large, greater than 12 acres (4.8ha), providing ample room for sports facilities. The general classroom buildings were the same standard types as used for primary schools but high schools also included purpose-built science laboratories, domestic science buildings, workshops for woodwork and metal work, libraries, and gymnasiums. These were also built to standard plans but were specific to their use and not a continuation of previous designs.</p><br>
<p>Cairns&#39; population continued to increase in the post-World War II period: rising from 16,644 in 1947 to 21,018 by June 1954, with the percentage increase being greater than any other Queensland city for that period. Post-war migrants from Europe were housed at the Immigration Holding Centre on Hartley Street. The city also expanded physically. The anti-malarial drainage scheme undertaken southwest of Severin Street during World War II allowed the suburbs to expand westwards after the war. Tourism to Cairns also increased in the 1950s and 1960s, with the Great Barrier Reef being promoted as a destination by the Queensland Government. The "Sunlander" rail service, a tourist service between Brisbane and Cairns, began in 1953; an underwater observatory was opened on nearby Green Island in 1954; and in the early 1960s the Bruce Highway was bitumened to Cairns.</p><br>
<p>After the 1950s, the Cairns Technical College and High School grew considerably and many new buildings were added. Also, alterations to the Cairns Technical College and High School building were made, including enclosing part of the understorey for a tuckshop (1966), and an extension above the toilets of the Sheridan Street wing to accommodate home science classrooms (1972). The extension used bricks similar to those of the 1941 portion but it was in a contemporary style. The addition of floors above one-storey toilets was an occurrence at other brick Depression-era schools and was possibly an intention of the original design, to accommodate future expansion.</p><br>
<p>Technical education expanded from the 1960s through a concerted push by the Queensland Government. In 1974 all Queensland technical colleges were renamed Technical and Further Education (TAFE) Colleges. In the early 1980s the Cairns TAFE College moved off site to new premises. This allowed the high school to expand into the entire site. The earliest timber buildings were demolished and new buildings were constructed in their place.</p><br>
<p>In 1990 alterations were made to the Cairns Technical College and High School building including; enclosing the understorey for Special Education rooms, removing and replacing doors and windows, and removing and adding new internal partitions and accordion doors. After 1995, metal awnings were added to the classroom windows of the Sheridan and Upward Street facades.</p><br>
<p>Over time, many new buildings were constructed at the school. As part of the Australian Governments Building Education Revolution (BER) program, Cairns State High School received funding for the construction of a new multi-purpose hall. The BER program was the key element of the Australian Governments $42 billion "Nation Building - Economic Stimulus Plan", developed in response to the global financial crisis. The hall, standing to the north of the Cairns Technical College and High School building, was completed by 2011.</p><br>
<p>In 2014 the Cairns Technical College and High School building is known as Block A and continues in use as a teaching building for the school.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Cairns Technical College and High School is a three-storey building at the southern corner of a complex of buildings of Cairns State High School. Called Block A in 2014, it stands on the corner of Sheridan and Upward Streets, northwest of the nearby Cairns CBD. It is an imposing, brick and concrete structure with two equal wings abutting the street alignment and framing a large, grassed quadrangle behind.</p><br>
<p>The building&#39;s strong street presence is derived from its assertive massing, grand proportions, symmetrical composition, and its cohesive, restrained use of a Neo-Classical style that references 17th Century Italian palazzo and Palladian idioms. Symmetrical around a diagonal corner axis, the building is carefully articulated into two parts: a ground floor podium rendered to resemble channel-jointed ashlar; and glazed facebrick upper floors that are expressed as one, through rendered window detailing that spans both levels. This is capped by a rendered entablature and a projecting cornice. The building is elegantly composed with a central pavilion that accommodates the primary vertical circulation and reception areas, flanking wings that accommodate the classrooms, and end pavilions that accommodate the secondary vertical circulation. The dark brickwork is English bond with a dark mortar and the pale, painted render has high-quality moulding. The aluminium-framed windows and metal hoods to the street elevations are more recent while some ground floor windows retain original decorative iron screens.</p><br>
<p>The building has a hipped roof clad with metal corrugated sheets and the room layout is arranged with classrooms or offices facing the streets (south-west and south-east sides) and a verandah on the opposite side (north-west and north-east sides) providing circulation.</p><br>
<p>Flanking the end pavilions are lower sections; a two-storey section at the end of the Sheridan Street wing and a one-storey section at the end of the Upward Street wing. The ground levels of these contain toilets. The first floor (1972 addition) above the toilets on the Sheridan Street wing is not of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<p>Built to the street alignment, the main entrance is through an arched entry set within the truncated corner of the central pavilion. Either side of the entry is a large, metal sconce lamp. Above the entrance are two giant order Ionic columns that flank a tall window into a stair hall inside. The timber-framed window has fine timber glazing bars dividing the sash into multiple panes. The double-leaf entrance doors, which retain original hardware, are timber with glazed panels and prominent moulding. A small entrance hall with a patterned terrazzo floor and rendered walls contains a terrazzo stair with a decorative iron balustrade and clear-finished timber handrail, rising to a first floor foyer at the rear of the building. The ground floor understorey is enclosed to form classrooms, offices, and storerooms. Some original fixtures and fittings are retained.</p><br>
<p>Two concrete columns with minimalist, stylised capitals frame the entrance from the stairwell into the first floor foyer. This room has a terrazzo floor, rendered walls, and a flat plaster ceiling with moulded plaster cornice. A reception window is framed with clear finished timber and the room is hung with clear finished timber honour boards some of which are memorials to past students, teachers, and local citizens.</p><br>
<p>Throughout the building, the brickwork has finely-shaped corners and the rendered walls have stop-chamfering. Verandahs run the length of the rear elevations giving access to the rooms and to concrete stairs at each end of the building. The stairs have decorative iron balustrades and timber handrails. The floors of the circulation areas are polished concrete with a painted margin. The walls are face brick and parts retain original ceilings of sheets and battens in a decorative pattern. The verandah wall retains some original timber, double-hung sash windows with fanlights into the classrooms. Air conditioning units have been wall-mounted on the verandah wall and penetrations have been made by removing fanlights. Some doors into the classrooms are original timber double-leaf doors with fanlights.</p><br>
<p>The layout of the first floor has been altered. Partitions and a suspended ceiling have been introduced and original partitions have been demolished. The first floor retains the general office and the principal&#39;s room, but the former classroom, science room and lecture room in the Upward Street wing have been replaced with small offices, and the domestic science rooms in the Sheridan Street wing have been replaced with offices, a print room and a uniform store. The second floor retains classrooms.</p><br>
<p>The large quadrangle behind the building provides an attractive setting, comprising a flat lawn with perimeter stands of large palms.</p><br>
<p>The other buildings and structures on the school site are not of cultural heritage significance. The modern covered walkways within the heritage boundary, to the rear of Block A, are not of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Cairns Technical College and High School Building was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 May 2014 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Cairns Technical College and High School building, constructed in 1941 (in 2014 called Block A of Cairns State High School), is important in demonstrating the evolution of state education in Queensland and the associated evolution of education architecture.</p><br>
<p>Purpose-designed to accommodate secondary and technical classes, the place is important in demonstrating the Queensland Government&#39;s initial approach to the provision of secondary and technical education in the first half of the 20th century, by accommodating both streams in the same buildings.</p><br>
<p>Designed as part of the Queensland Government&#39;s unemployment relief program of the 1930s, the building is important evidence of this important statewide initiative.</p><br>
<p>The place is important evidence of the interwar period of prosperity and growth in Cairns, the principal regional centre in far north Queensland. This period in Cairns was marked by the construction of a number of masonry buildings designed in Classical styles.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Notable for its substantially intact exterior, the place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a brick school building designed by the Department of Public Works during the 1930s. The principal characteristics include having an expressive and skilful Neo-Classical styling, three-storeyed form, high-quality design, materials and construction, plan layout with north facing verandah, teacher&#39;s rooms, hat and cloak rooms, south facing classrooms that are well ventilated and day lit, and understorey play space.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The place is important for its aesthetic significance and has a dignified streetscape presence brought about by its assertive massing, Neo-Classical styling, and prominent corner location emphasised by an impressive and elegantly-composed facade. The grassed quadrangle to the rear provides an attractive setting for the building.</p><br>
<p>The William A. Leet and Frederick Hassler Farmstead District, also known as the Leet/Hassler Farmstead or Glenhaven, is a nationally recognized historic district located in Manning, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>William A. Leet owned this farm from 1915 to 1918. During that time the Bungalow/American Craftsman-style house, matching three-bay garage, and the gambrel-roofed frame barn were built. Both were constructed by local builders Hans Detlefsen and Fritz Thorns. They were meant to invoke the wealth of the owner, which may have been his undoing, as Leet squandered his money and lost his estate and his wife to divorce. He lost the farm to his farm manager Frederick H. Hassler. Hassler owned the farm from 1918 to 1936, when he lost it as a result of the Great Depression. The rest of the historic farm buildings, structures and objects were built during his ownership. The corn crib, built in 1943, is the non-contributing building because it was built after the period of significance.</p><br>
<p>During the Leet-Hassler ownership, the farm was known for its Poland China hog operation. The farmstead has been restored to the period of its historic significance.</p><br>
<p>The Henry N. Frentress Farmstead is a historic farm located at 19140 USA Route 20 West in East Dubuque, Illinois. The farm was established in 1832 by the parents of Henry N. Frentress; Henry, the familys most noteworthy and prosperous farmer, ran the farm from 1876 to his death in 1899. His agricultural pursuits included both common farm products such as livestock and wheat, which he shipped to large markets on the Illinois Central Railroad, and several varieties of fruit, which he sold locally. He was also known for his engineering innovations; his most profitable was a new variety of barbed wire, the profits from which bolstered East Dubuques developing economy. Henry and his mother also built the farm&#39;s Italianate farmhouse; the farmhouse is one of two main buildings remaining at the farm, along with a summer kitchen which dates to the 1830s.</p><br>
<p>The farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 4, 2011.</p><br>
<p>Round Island is an island in Seychelles, lying in the northeast shores of Mahe.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 2005 the island was bought by a Seychellois family with Indian roots and in December 2013 opened the Enchanted Island Resort. JA Resorts & Hotels</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island is under the Mont Fleuri District.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The island is now home to Enchanted Island Resort by JA Resorts & Hotels, consisting of 10 luxurious villas, a restaurant and bar and a hilltop spa.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>It takes a 15-minute speed boat ride from Mahé to reach Round Island.</p><br>
<h2>Cuisine</h2><br>
<p>Creole Cuisine, infused with the classic techniques of international cooking.</p><br>
<h2>Flora & Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The reefs and lagoons of the island offer a large amount of flora and fauna. Green sea turtles live on the very edges of the coral reefs, and they sometimes venture closer to the island. There are butterfly fish, eagle rays, murray eels and many other species of fish.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Long Island is an island in Seychelles, lying in the northeast shores of Mahe.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Long Island is located in the midst of the Sainte Anne Marine National Park close to Round and Moyenne Islands. This coconut palm-covered gem reaches an elevation of 90m, and features fabulous powder soft beaches and beautiful turquoise seas.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1825, a settlement was established on the island. A family of Seychelles purchased the islands of Long, Round and Moyenne.</p><br>
<p>Their village had about 25 people and was located at the west point.</p><br>
<p>In 1900 the village was abandoned and a quarantine station for small-pox sailors was built.</p><br>
<p>The island served as the Seychelles juvenile prison.</p><br>
<p>in 2006 the inmates were transferred to Montagne Posée Prison on the island of Mahe, to do construction work on the new land reclamation projects. The island now hosts the new Pelangi Resort and Spa which consists of 55 villas, 32 one-bedroom villas, 15 two-bedroom villas, 5 four-suite villas and a presidential villa. The hotel features Seychelles’ first funicular – a cable car system – to take guests to its CHI spa facilities and wedding chapel, positioned on the island’s central hilltop.</p><br>
<p>The staff live on the village on the west end, where the former prison was located.</p><br>
<p>along the south coast, a new residential village is being built, with 40 houses, and a new Chapel.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to Mont Fleuri District.</p><br>
<p>Being an island with a small population, there are not any government buildings or services. For many services, people have to go to Victoria.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>Today, the island&#39;s main industry is tourism, and it is known for its beaches.</p><br>
<p>The island is also visited for its wide variety of underwater creatures like fish, sharks and rays.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>the main means of transportation is bicycles.</p><br>
<h2>Cuisine</h2><br>
<p>Fish is the main ingredient.</p><br>
<h2>Flora & Fauna</h2><br>
<p>The reefs and lagoons of the island offer a large amount of flora and fauna. Green sea turtles live on the very edges of the coral reefs, and they sometimes venture closer to the island. There are butterfly fish, eagle rays, Murray eels and many other species of fish.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The archaeological site of ancient Kymissala is located about 70 km southwest of Rhodes city, and today falls within the limits of the Municipality of Atavyros, occupying coastal areas of Monolithos and Sianna municipal departments. This is one of the most important archaeological sites in the countryside of Rhodes, as indicated by the extended visible ruins scattered in various places, dating from the Mycenaean period to Late Antiquity. During the Hellenistic period the region, as shown by the maintenance of the ancient place name and inscriptions from the necropolis, belonged to the Demos of Kymissaleis and was subordinated to Kameiros.</p><br>
<h2>Research history</h2><br>
<p>Kymissala is known as archaeological site since the late 19th century. The first recorded archaeological survey and excavation in the necropolis in the area was conducted by E. Billioti and L΄ Abbe Cottret in 1881. Italian archaeologists carried out the first excavations in 1915. The results and the findings were published in Annuario della Regia Scuola Archeologica di Atene in 1916. This preliminary study, which was followed by a second one has been an important guide for any new research, illustrating antiquities, for example outstanding hitherto surviving walls of the citadel, the ancient temple and many other major and lesser settlements, like Vassilika.</p><br>
<p>As it concerns Late Neolithic and Bronze Age remains in this archaeological site, sherds were found on the hill Agios Phokas and Mycenean tombs in Glyfada and Emponas were recorded in another archaeological survey, published by C. Mee.</p><br>
<p>Since 2006 the Department of Mediterranean Studies of the University of the Aegean and the Greek Ministry of Culture&#39;s 22nd Ephorate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities carried out systematic archaeological research and excavations, under the direction of Manolis I. Stefanakis, Associate Professor of Classical Archaeology and Numismatics, and the archaeologist Dr. Vassiliki Patsiada respectively.</p><br>
<h2>Scientific Committee</h2><br>
<p>Ioannis Papachristodoulou, Archaeologist Ph.D., Honorary Ephor of Antiquities, Rhodes</p><br>
<p>Melina Philemonos, Archaeologist Ph.D., Ephor, 22nd Ephoreate of Prehistoric and Classical Antiquities, Rhodes</p><br>
<p>Nikolaos Stampolidis, Professor of Classical Archaeology, University of Crete, Director of the Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art, Athens</p><br>
<p>Anagnostis Agelarakis, Professor of Paleoanthropology, Adelphi University, United States</p><br>
<p>Kostas Zambas, Dr. Mechanical Engineer, Rhodes.</p><br>
<h2>Preliminary reports</h2><br>
<p>Research has shown that the ancient Demos of Kymissala was extensive: the area covered is more than 10,000 acres or 10 square km. This is hardly surprising, considering that the Demos had his own acropolis on the hill Agios Fokas, which dominates the area and seems to control seven lesser human settlements, which probably belonged to the jurisdiction of Demos, namely Vassilika, Napes, Charakas, Glyfada-Monosyria, Stelies, Maramarounia and Kampanes.</p><br>
<p>Next to the settlements there is an extended necropolis with important central burial monument, which occupies the whole valley between the hills of Agios Fokas and Kymissala. Cemeteries of classical era exist elsewhere in the geographical region: in Napes, Charakas and Monosyria-St. George. Graves have been also found in Alonia and Kampanes.</p><br>
<p>The Demos of Kymissala was inhabited from the 7th century BCE until Late Antiquity (4th-6th centuries CE), as evidenced by excavations in the central necropolis and occasional archaeological findings. In the same area earliest remains from the Neolithic and the Bronze Age have been recorded, but specific archaeological sites have not been identified yet.</p><br>
<p>The John and Maria Webb House is an historic house at 121 Main Street in the center of Bridgton, Maine, United States. Built in the first half of the 19th century, it is a rare surviving residential property on the town&#39;s main street that was never adapted for commercial use. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2013.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Webb House stands near the very center of Bridgton&#39;s commercial Main Street, on the south side of Main Street, between the Bridgton Public Library and Stevens Creek. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, wooden clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. It is stylistical Federalist, with some Greek Revival elements. It has narrow trim at the corners and around the windows, and a comparatively elaborate recessed entry, with sidelight windows in the recess, and framing pilasters and entablature around the recess. The interior follows a center chimney plan, and features a mix of original Federal and Greek Revival trim elements. A single-story ell extends from the rear of the house.</p><br>
<p>The oldest portion of the Webb House is probably its ell, which was built at an unknown date, but was probably standing when the property was purchased by John Webb in 1840. In 1841-42 the house achieved most of its present appearance. It is one of a small number of buildings in Bridgton with Federal period elements. Its setting, on Main Street, was at the time of a mix of residential, commercial, and industrial uses (the latter dominating by tanning and mills on nearby Stevens Brook), but is now almost entirely commercial and retail.</p><br>
<p>The Hager Farm is a historic farmstead on United States Route 7 in southern Wallingford, Vermont. Its farmhouse, built about 1800, is one of the oldest in the community, and is regionally unusual because of its gambrel roof. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hager farm complex occupies about 3 acre of land on either side of US 7, roughly midway between the village center of Wallingford, and its southern town line with Mount Tabor. The house stands set back from the west side of the road, opposite a gambrel-roofed barn and silo set close to the road. The house is a five-bay gambrel-roofed wood frame structure, with two interior chimneys and clapboard siding. The front and rear roof faces have three-bay shed-roof dormers extending from the steep portion of the roof. The main entrance is sheltered by a shed-roof porch supported by simple round columns set on a rubblestone skirt. An ell extends to the rear of the house, joining it to a horse barn. The framing of the house is reported to be of plank-frame construction.</p><br>
<p>The house at the heart of the Hager farm was built about 1800, not far from the site of the first known residence built in Wallingford (c. 1770). The farm property was owned in the 19th century by members of the Earle family, and in the 20th by the Hagers. The gambrel-roofed Cape house is a relatively rare form in the state, and this house is one of the better-preserved of a cluster of such houses in southwestern Vermont.</p><br>
<p>Waterford Hill is located in Independence Township, in Oakland County, Michigan, 0.4 miles north of Waterford Village. The hill is classified as a summit.</p><br>
<p>It extends from east of Dixie Highway including Ottawa Park Cemetery to the east, to Maple Lane in Moon Valley to the north, to Parview Drive and Greens Lake to the west, to Van Norman Lake to the south.</p><br>
<p>Waterford Hill&#39;s elevation is 1,150 feet, making it the second highest point in Independence Township. Three miles away is Pine Knob, the highest point in the township at 1,201 feet.</p><br>
<h2>Formation</h2><br>
<p>Waterford Hill, along with the other hills in the Great Lakes region, was formed during the retreat of the last continental glacier, approximately 14,000 years ago. As they retreated, the glaciers left behind debris, called moraines. The retreating glaciers also formed more than thirty lakes in the township.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The first settler to purchase and settle land in Independence Township was John Wheeler Beardslee (b. 1799, d. 1883), who came to Michigan from Sussex County, New Jersey and purchased his tract of land in section 35 in 1826. He settled on it five years later in 1831.</p><br>
<p>By 1834, nearly every section in the southern half of Independence Township had been purchased, including sections 32 and 33. Those sections comprised the area later called Waterford Hill.</p><br>
<p>The sections of land comprising Waterford Hill had several different owners throughout the years. Among those property owners were Stephen Moon (b.1823-d.1909) who, from 1854 until his death, owned 120 acres on the north side of Waterford Hill in section 32. The area comprising his farm is named for him; Moon Valley.</p><br>
<p>In the 1870s, Moses Beardslee (b.1823-d.1890) owned a 162-acre apple farm in section 32 on the southern and western side of Waterford Hill. He also owned and operated a cider mill there.</p><br>
<p>Jeremiah Ganong (b.1803-d.1891) owned 155 acres in section 33 on the eastern end of Waterford Hill. Ganong died from smoke inhalation from a fire in the Waterford Exchange Hotel in the village of Waterford.</p><br>
<p>From 1886 to 1912, Zenas Van Norman (b.1822-d.1917) owned much of the property along the southern side of Waterford Hill. The Mill Pond along that side of Waterford Hill was renamed for his family; Van Norman Lake.</p><br>
<p>In the 1940s and 1950s, Ernest W. Seaholm (b.1887-1980) owned 135 acres on the southern side of Waterford Hill. Seaholm, a Cadillac automotive executive and the president of the Birmingham, Michigan school district, was responsible for the planting of the pine trees that today cover the hill. Birmingham Seaholm High School is named for Ernest Seaholm. Seaholm never lived on Waterford Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Development</h2><br>
<p>Waterford Hill was home to two separate fruit tree farms prior to the hill being developed in 1956. That year, Samuel W. Leib (b. 1903, d. 1984) bought most of the southern side of the hill and, along with Donald E. White (b. 1921, d. 1982), developed the property, calling the new subdivision Waterford Hill Manor.</p><br>
<p>Phase one of the development saw the building of residential streets; Balmoral Terrace, Bergate Lane, Brandeis Circle, Curtis Lane, Georgetown Court, Olympus Circle, Waterford Hill Terrace, and Wellesley Terrace</p><br>
<p>Olympus Circle, atop Waterford Hill, is the highest elevation of any residential street in Independence Township.</p><br>
<p>In 1969, phase two of the residential development saw more streets constructed. The extension of Balmoral Terrace from Curtis Lane to Parview Drive, the extension of Wellesley Terrace from Curtis Lane to Parview Drive, the extension of Curtis Lane from Wellesley Terrace to Andersonville Road and the addition of Leib Court off of Wellesley Terrace and Eddystone Circle off of Curtis Lane allowed for more homes to be built.</p><br>
<p>As of 2013, there were 265 homes in Waterford Hill Manor and 609 residents as of 2016.</p><br>
<p>In 1987, another development began on the northern side of Waterford Hill on Suicide Hill, Middle Hill and Three Layer Hill. Streets were built and named Ridgeview Dr. (off Dixie Hwy), Timberway Trail (off of Ridgeway Trail) and Scenic Pines Court (off of Timberway Trail). Condominiums were built on the development and were called Clarkston Bluffs.</p><br>
<h2>Lakes</h2><br>
<p>The Clinton River winds its way downstream around Waterford Hill and through the four lakes that surround the hill; Greens Lake (117 acres, 55 foot depth), Lester Lake (12 acres, 25 foot depth), Van Norman Lake (66 acres, 90 foot depth), and Townsend Lake (26 acres, 55 foot depth).</p><br>
<p>Greens Lake was named for John Green (b.1794-d.1851) who owned a 200-acre farm along the eastern shore of the lake.</p><br>
<p>Lester Lake was named for William Lester, an early Oakland County settler.</p><br>
<p>Van Norman Lake was named for Zenas Harvey Van Norman (b.1822-d.1917), who owned the property along the entire northern shore of the lake from 1886 to 1916.</p><br>
<p>Townsend Lake was named for Townsend Carpenter Beardslee (b.1832, d.1863). The son of John W. Beardslee (the first settler in Independence Township), Townsend was the first white child born in the township.</p><br>
<h2>Notable people</h2><br>
<p>Kirk Gibson, former MLB player, 1988 National League MVP, lived on Curtis Lane.</p><br>
<p>Ryan Riess, professional poker player, 2013 World Series of Poker champion, lived on Parview Drive.</p><br>
<p>Île Cachée is an islet in Seychelles.</p><br>
<p>The tiny island is also known as Faon island. The name of the island in French means "hidden", and as its name suggests it appears ‘hidden’ either behind Cerf or appear to be part of Cerf Island (you can walk there on low tide). The tiny, beautiful islet is located about 100 meters from Cerf Island in the St. Anne Islands. The water surrounding the island is never particularly deep, but at low tide it recedes completely, allowing you to simply walk across the sand from Cerf Island to reach this isolated spot. Alternatively, it is possible to reach Ile Cachée at high tide with a boat.</p><br>
<p>The water in this area is shallow enough to make it safe for swimming and snorkeling, and the coral reef ensures that there is some beautiful underwater scenery on offer. The island itself is also beautiful, making it great for photographs. It is also rumored that pirates once buried some of their stolen treasure on Ile Cachée.</p><br>
<p>Ile Cachée is unique in that you can reach it on-foot, and its beautiful scenery and proximity to Cerf Island are really appealing. Despite its beauty, the island is virtually always empty, and its separation from Cerf really allows tourists to escape everything and feel the wondrous feeling of complete solitude, peace, and quiet, making Ile Cachée a unique prospect anywhere in the Seychelles.</p><br>
<p>The island has an area of 0.022 km², and it is a nesting site for seabirds.</p><br>
<p>About 100 meters to its southwest lies a granite rock called Zave, 0.15 acres in size.</p><br>
<p>Hydrographic Survey Bench Mark is a heritage-listed survey marker at Bessie Point, off Pine Creek-Yarrabah Road, East Trinity, Cairns Region, Queensland, Australia. It was designed by Royal Navy and built in 1878 by Royal Navy. It is also known as Bessie Point. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 May 2014.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>A broad arrow bench mark, or datum mark, is chiselled into a large granite boulder on the Rolling Bay (west) side of Bessie Point, located on the east side of Trinity Bay. The arrow was cut in early February 1878 during a hydrographic survey of Cairns Harbour by Navigating Lieutenant Edward Richard Connor, Royal Navy (RN). The bench mark, used to indicate the datum (low water ordinary spring tides) from which the depth of water in the harbour was calculated, is surviving physical evidence of 19th century efforts to survey the Queensland coastline to assist marine navigation, and of the development of Cairns as a port.</p><br>
<p>When the Hodgkinson goldfield was discovered in 1876, Trinity Bay was chosen as its port - since Cooktown, established in 1873 as the port for the Palmer River goldfield, was too far north. The first settlers arrived in Trinity Bay in October 1876 and Cairns became a port of entry on 1 November 1876. The town of Smithfield, surveyed in late 1876 on the north bank of the Barron River, was an early rival to Cairns, but it was largely abandoned after heavy flood damage in 1877.</p><br>
<p>The founding of Port Douglas in 1877 almost stifled Cairns, as Port Douglas provided an easier access route to the Hodgkinson. When tin was discovered on the Wild River in 1880, the road from Port Douglas to Herberton was also preferred to the pack tracks from Cairns. However, Cairns salvaged its economy after a heavy wet season in early 1882 closed the road from Port Douglas, resulting in calls for a railway from Herberton to the coast. On 10 September 1884 the government announced Cairns as the preferred terminus for the railway, over rivals Port Douglas and Mourilyan; Cairns&#39; future as the main settlement and port for Far North Queensland was assured.</p><br>
<p>Although ships delivered freight and passengers to Cairns from October 1876 and the town was surveyed the same year, the harbour was not surveyed for shipping until 1878. Until then, buoys were used to guide ships from the Fairway buoy (marking the channel entrance) through the channel towards Trinity Inlet, with a lantern on shore serving as a leading light at night.</p><br>
<p>Hydrographic surveying involves mapping the seabed and coastal features to enable safe navigation. It developed as a highly specialized branch of surveying in 19th century Britain. A triangulation network was established over the area to be surveyed, from the mainland to the sea or adjacent islands, with control points on coastal hills or headlands. "Coast liner" parties then conducted a land survey of coastal features; recorded high and low water lines; and took soundings to determine the depth and composition of the seabed.</p><br>
<p>While the "mother" survey ship would take soundings in deep water, "chicks" (smaller boats, initially rowed and later steam-powered) would run lines of soundings from the shore to deep water, using a lead line. Sounding positions were fixed by reading sextant angles between the three nearest control points, and were then plotted on a field chart. Soundings were taken at all stages of the tide, and were later corrected for the height of the tide to reduce them to a common datum (a quantity or set of quantities that serve as a reference or basis for calculation of other quantities). On completion of a survey, the tides and datum were related to a permanent bench mark for use in future surveys.</p><br>
<p>A bench mark is a point, at a known elevation above or below an adopted datum, marked on a durable object. Bench marks such as an upward-pointing broad arrow symbol (used to denote a government survey from 1852) could be chiselled on a rock - as was the case at Bessie Point. Alternatively, metal disks could be attached to a rock, or to a concrete block. Often a horizontal line was cut, balanced on the point of the arrow, although only an arrow was cut at Bessie Point. Other examples of broad arrow bench marks cut into rocks exist at Bowen (1887), and at Princess Charlotte Bay in the Flinders group of islands (1899, by HMS Dart). In the case of the Bessie Point 1878 bench mark, which is cut into the largest boulder on the shoreline, the datum was low water ordinary spring tides, calculated as being 12 feet (3.66m) below the broad arrow. All water depths (in feet) on the map of Cairns Harbour made in 1878 thus represented the depth available at low water ordinary spring tides, that water level being 12 feet below the bench mark. The tidal range for spring tides in the bay was 8–10 feet (2.4-3m).</p><br>
<p>The survey of Cairns Harbour in 1878 was part of an ongoing process of surveying the Queensland coastline and its harbours and rivers. In 1770 Captain James Cook in HM Bark Endeavour was the first British navigator to chart the coast of what is now Queensland, and he visited and named Trinity Bay. Admiralty surveys commenced after the establishment of the British Admiralty Hydrographic Office in 1795. Queensland&#39;s waters were charted and surveyed by navigators including Matthew Flinders (1799 in the schooner Norfolk; 1802 in HMS Investigator); Lieutenant Charles Jeffreys (1816-17 in HM Brig Kangaroo); Lieutenant Phillip Parker King (1819–21, HM Cutter Mermaid and HMS Bathurst); Lieutenant John Oxley (1823, HM Cutter Mermaid); Captain Henry J Rous (1827, HMS Rainbow); John Clements Wickham (1839, HMS Beagle); John Lort Stokes (1841, HMS Beagle); Captain FP Blackwood and Lieutenant CB Yule (1843–45, HMS Fly and HM Cutter Bramble); Captain Owen Stanley (1847–48, HMS Rattlesnake); and Captain HM Denham (1858–61, HMS Herald).</p><br>
<p>After Queenslands separation from New South Wales in 1859, more accurate charts were required as the new colony developed its ports. Coastal shipping was of vital importance to Queenslands economy prior to World War II, given the size of the state, the lack of all-weather roads, and delays in completing the coastal rail link from Brisbane to Cairns. In 1860-61 Queensland entered into an agreement with the British Admiralty to split the annual costs of hydrographic surveying (then about £3000 per annum). The Admiralty would provide staff and instruments and publish charts, while the Queensland Government would provide the lodging, subsistence and "means of locomotion" for staff. The focus was on charting a safe shipping route along the Queensland coast, but the Admiralty surveyors could also assist the Queensland Government with its river and harbour surveys. In 1861 Lieutenant (later Commander) George Poynter Heath, RN, was appointed as marine surveyor to Queenslands Surveyor-Generals Department, and in his first year he surveyed the Maroochy and Mooloolah rivers in the Spitfire. In 1862 he was appointed Portmaster and Marine Surveyor of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>That same year Master James Jeffery was appointed as Queensland&#39;s first Admiralty Surveyor. He hired a local vessel to survey the Great Sandy Strait, Hervey Bay, and the mouth of the Mary River, but soon persuaded the Queensland Government to have a surveying schooner constructed. HMS Pearl, a 60-foot 6 inch (18.44m) vessel built in Sydney by Mr Chowne of Pyrmont, came into service in October 1863. It was later lengthened by 4.27m in 1868. HMS Pearl was rigged as a fore and aft schooner, was of 70 tons burden with a light draught (for use in shallow waters), and left Brisbane to complete a survey of Hervey Bay in late October 1863. Between 1864 and 1866 Jeffery surveyed Moreton Bay, Keppel Bay, and the outer route to Point Danger.</p><br>
<p>Jeffery was replaced in 1866 by Master (Staff-Commander from 1870) Edward Parker Bedwell, who had joined the RN in the late 1840s and the surveying service in 1857. Bedwell was posted to Australia as chief assistant to the NSW hydrographic survey in 1864, later taking charge of the Queensland survey. Bedwell continued the survey of Moreton Bay until the beginning of 1868; and from then to 1879 he surveyed the coast between Danger Point and the north end of the Cumberland Islands (near Mackay); the Brisbane, Mary, Burnett and Fitzroy Rivers to their principal townships; plus Port Curtis and Bowen. The coastal survey from Capes Townshend and Palmerston to the Percy Islands (between Rockhampton and Mackay) took four years. Bedwell was assisted by Navigating Lieutenant EHS Bray from 1867-1870; Navigating Sub-Lieutenant (Navigating Lieutenant from 1872) Edward Richard Connor from HMS Clio from late 1870 to the end of 1878; and Navigating Lieutenant Haslewood for part of 1879. Navigating Sub-Lieutenant A Leeper also assisted from November 1877.</p><br>
<p>Edward Connor joined the RN in 1861 as a Masters Assistant. From 1864 he was in the hydrographic service, working in the Mediterranean, the English Channel, the Straits of Magellan, and Queensland waters. Connor served on HMS Nassau from 1866 to 1869, and was severely wounded in an engagement with the indigenous people of Tierra del Fuego in 1867. After leaving the Admiralty survey at the end of 1878, Connor appears to have returned to England c.1880 and he also spent two years with the Royal Chartered British North Borneo Company, in command of the Governors armed yacht, before returning to Australia in the mid-1880s, where he joined the NSW Naval Brigade as a Lieutenant. In August 1900, as a Commander, he was sent to China during the Boxer Rebellion, in command of the NSW Naval Brigade. He was appointed Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG), gazetted 25 July 1901, retired as a Captain in 1902 and died at home in Sydney on 2 January 1903, aged 56.</p><br>
<p>In January 1878 Connor traveled from Brisbane to Cairns on the SS Victoria, arriving the evening of 31 January. He commenced work the next day (what vessel he used is not detailed), completing the survey of Cairns Harbour in fine weather by 9 February. He then traveled to survey Port Douglas on the SS Dugong, and returned to Brisbane on the SS Elamang on 22 February. He reported to the Colonial Treasurer, in a letter dated 24 March 1878, that Cairns Harbour, at the extreme south end of Trinity Bay, had an anchorage sheltered from "east by south to west". Three channels existed from the anchorage into the port, the east channel being the most direct, and at least 6 inches deeper than the other two. He noted that the "shoalest" water of 7 feet 6 inches (2.29m) at low water springs was found from one to two miles inside the Fairway buoy. The water then deepened gradually until there was over 30 feet (9.14m) just off the wharves (on the west side of the mouth of Trinity Inlet). He added that he had left well defined datum marks at both Cairns and Port Douglas. His report included a map of Cairns Harbour, scaled at 4 inches to the nautical mile, which indicated soundings in feet, reduced to low water ordinary spring tides. The datum mark at Bessie Point was indicated on the map as being "12 feet above low water ordinary Sp", and near the map&#39;s title it was stated that the datum mark was "on top of the largest boulder on Bessie Point".</p><br>
<p>Although Trinity Inlet provided a safe harbour, continuous dredging of a channel through the bar was required for larger vessels to reach the inlet, and the depths required were calculated from the datum indicated by the bench mark at Bessie Point. For example, in 1890 the bar was dredged to provide 13 feet (3.96m) depth of water in a 200-foot (60.96m) wide channel at low water ordinary spring tides, but by 1894 part of the channel had re-silted to a depth of 8 feet 6 inches (2.59m). Later the bar cutting was dredged to 15 feet (4.57m) in 1902, only to re-silt to 12 feet (3.66m) by 1905. The Cairns Harbour Board took over the port in 1906, and concrete wharves were commenced in 1910. By 1915 a 19-foot (5.79m) deep entrance channel had been dredged, and the bar cutting was 5.5 miles (8.85 km) long. The spoil from dredging was used for land reclamation on shore.</p><br>
<p>As well as surveying Cairns harbour in 1878, and accompanying Bedwell on his missions, Connor also spent time surveying the coast of New Guinea, the Brisbane River and Cook Harbour (1873), and the Gulf of Carpentaria (1875). In 1877, while surveying Broadsound in command of HMS Pearl, Connor had a severe attack of "acute rheumatism", and had to be let off at Mackay.</p><br>
<p>During Connor&#39;s time with the Queensland survey the 39 foot (11.89m) steam launch Sabina was built in 1872 to assist HMS Pearl, and in 1878 the 195-ton screw steamer Llewellyn was chartered to replace the Pearl. The surveying staff transferred from the Pearl to the Llewellyn in July 1878. Bedwell reported that the steamer could cover much more ground in less time than the schooner. Other survey ships that operated in Queensland during the 1860s and 1870s included HMS Salamander, HMS Virago and HMS Basilisk.</p><br>
<p>By end of 1879 the Admiralty survey had reached Cape Conway north of Mackay, but Queensland decided to withdraw from the Admiralty agreement for financial reasons. Total expenditure on the Admiralty survey in 1879 was £7961 (the increase being due to the use of the Llewellyn) of which the British government only contributed £2500. However, the Pearl continued survey work for the Queensland Government, under Captain CE Pennefather, surveying ports and rivers in the Gulf of Carpentaria in the early 1880s.</p><br>
<p>Despite the withdrawal of the Queensland Government from the project, the British Admiralty continued its own surveying of Queensland waters, and the ships involved included HMS Alert from 1881, and HMS Dart from 1883. The agreement with Queensland was renewed in 1885, although this time the Admiralty accepted the larger share of costs, and the new Queensland gunboat HMS Paluma was lent to the Admiralty for survey work, charting the coast north of Bowen. This agreement expired on 31 March 1895, but co-operation between Queensland and the Admiralty continued, as a bill was introduced in the Queensland Parliament in late 1894 to continue funding the Admiralty survey (while using a British ship) at a rate of £3270 per year, for six years from 1 April 1895.</p><br>
<p>In the late 1880s HMS Myrmidon assisted with surveying the Great Barrier Reef, and in 1897 HMS Waterwitch joined northern surveying operations. During surveys Admiralty crews planted edible plants, and released pigs and goats on islands for shipwreck survivors. After Australian Federation in 1901 the Admiralty continued to work off Queensland into the 1920s, using the HMS Dart, HMS Penguin, and HMS Fantome. The Hydrographic Branch of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) was formed in 1920, and Australia&#39;s first naval survey vessel, HMAS Geranium, began surveying the Great Barrier Reef in 1924.</p><br>
<p>By the 1920s the use of Cairns Harbour was changing. The completion of the railway from Brisbane to Cairns in 1924 resulted in a decline of passenger ships travelling from the south. However, the port continued to export the produce of Far North Queensland, and was used as a naval base by the RAN and US Navy during World War II. Today the port of Cairns is mainly a cruise ship destination and fishing fleet base, although it still exports and imports goods, and continues to be used by the RAN.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Bessie Point is located on the southeast side of Trinity Bay, east of Cairns, and is reached by the Pine Creek-Yarrabah Road. The road runs north alongside Rolling Bay before turning sharply to the southeast at Bessie Point.</p><br>
<p>The split granite boulder on which the bench mark broad arrow is chiselled stands just to the Rolling Bay (west) side of Bessie Point, at the top of the beach, close to the road. The boulder, which lies in the intertidal zone, is roughly 3 metres in diameter and about 2 metres high. The upright broad arrow is chiselled in the upper half of the northwest face of the boulder. The arrow, which is above the average inundation level, is approximately 50 cm tall and 70 cm wide.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Hydrographic Survey Bench Mark of 1878 at Bessie Point was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 9 May 2014 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&apos;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Hydrographic Survey Bench Mark at Bessie Point (1878) is important surviving evidence of the work of the Admiralty survey of Queensland&#39;s coastal waters, harbours and rivers, from 1862 to the 1920s. This survey was essential for safe shipping navigation and the economic development of Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The establishment of a bench mark at Bessie Point was an important part of the development of Cairns as the main port for Far North Queensland. A survey of Cairns Harbour, including Trinity Bay and Trinity Inlet, was necessary for safe navigation and for development of the harbour.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Hydrographic Survey Bench Mark at Bessie Point demonstrates the main characteristics of Admiralty survey marks; a broad arrow chiselled above inundation level into a large durable object.</p><br>
<p>Ile Soleil is a small artificial island  in the Seychelles, lying 50m off the east coast of Mahé, near the runway of the Seychelles International Airport.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island was reclaimed in 2008 after the Dubai Dredger finished its work in the Victoria Port islands.</p><br>
<p>The local Anse-aux-Pins mayor decided he wanted an artificial island as well.</p><br>
<p>There are plans to build a new terminal on the island, due to housing problems.</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to Anse-aux-Pins District.</p><br>
<h2>Tourism</h2><br>
<p>The future of the island is unclear, although it is proposed to have an oriental tourism industry.</p><br>
<h2>Dempgraphy</h2><br>
<p>The island&#39;s southern part is the location of a new luxurious neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>Transport</h2><br>
<p>Soleil is linked to the mainland by a causeway.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>The Old Westbrook High School is a historic school building at 765 Main Street in central Westbrook, Maine. Built in 1886, it is one of the city&#39;s most architecturally sophisticated 19th-century buildings, designed by the Portland firm of Fassett & Tompson. Now converted to senior housing, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Westbrook High School building is located on the east side of the city&#39;s downtown, just east of the post office on the north side of Main Street. Its main section is a large 2-1/2 story masonry structure, built out of red brick with brownstone trim, and covered with a hip roof. A 20th-century two-story addition, also in brick, is attached to its rear, and extends to the right, giving the structure an overall L shape. The front of the building is six bays wide, with a four-story tower at the leftmost bay. Most windows are set in segmented-arch openings with brick headers and stone ears, and there are beltcourses of raised stonework between the windows just below the ears, and between the floors. It has a shallow cornice with corbelled brickwork, and a slightly projecting two-bay section which rises to a gable housing three narrow round-arch windows.</p><br>
<p>The school was designed by Fassett & Tompson, and was completed in 1886. It was built on the site of a wood-frame elementary school, and included elementary grades when it first opened. Part of the rear addition was built in 1912, its cost donated by the daughter of mill owner S. D. Warren. A second extension to the building&#39;s left, also designed by Frederick A. Tompson, was added in 1913 but razed in 1976 to make way for the post office. The extension of the rear eastward to Foster Street was added in 1936, designed by Miller & Beal, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The school served as a high school until 1956, when the present high school was put into service. It was then used as a junior high school until it was finally closed in 1975. It sat vacant for some time, and was eventually rehabilitated and converted for use as senior housing.</p><br>
<p>The General Robinson Hall House is a historic house at 3144 United States Route 7 in southern Wallingford, Vermont. Built in 1830, it is one of two nearly identical brick houses in this area, both built for members of the locally prominent Munson family. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Hall House is located in southern Wallingford, north of the village of South Wallingford, and a short way north of a point where the road and railroad are briefly in close proximity. The house is a 2-1/2 story brick structure, standing on the west side of the highway, with its front-facing gable oriented toward the road. The brick is laid in a combination of Flemish and common bond, with marble window sills and lintels, and marble stairs leading to the entrance. The entrance is set in the leftmost of three bays, in an arched opening with a louver above the door. A similar louver is found in the center of the fully pedimented gable.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1830 for General Robinson Hall, an officer in the Vermont militia who had married Sarah, the daughter of Isaac Munson, a prominent local landowner. The house is nearly identical to Munson&#39;s house, which stands further north on US 7 and was built about the same time. Hall was involved in the promotion and construction of the railroad through the area.</p><br>
<p>Calirrhoe  is an archaeological site in Jordan in which remains of a nymphaeum can be traced, though it is considered difficult to be interpreted. Callirrhoe is known in ancient literature for its thermal springs, because it was visited by King Herodes according to Josephus shortly before his death, as a final attempt to be cured or relief his pains. It remains unknown if the greatest builder in Jewish history is related to any of the observable remains in the area. Callirrhoe is referred in the Midrash as well as by Pliny the Elder , Ptolemaeus  and Solinus .</p><br>
<h2>Madaba Map</h2><br>
<p>Callirrhoe is represented on Madaba Map. On the mosaic three constructions can be observed, a spring house, a nymphaeum, and a house. Springs&#39; waters are gathered in basins, and two little palm trees are discerned representing the oasis or the fecundity of this area because of the abundant fresh water supply. Waters of the southern spring sprout from the mountain ending up in the sea.</p><br>
<h2>Archaeological surveys</h2><br>
<p>Recently Callirrhoe was identified as the present day oasis Ayn az-Zara, or Ein ez Zara, laying at the eastern shore of Dead Sea, between Wadi Mujib in the south and Wadi Zerka main in the north, being closer to Wadi Zerka main. It was founded circa 1st century BCE and present day excavations were directed by A. Strobel on behalf of the Deutsches Evangelisches Institut für Altertumswissenschaft des Heiligen Landes. The remains are hardly interpretable according to H. Donner. A villa of the 1st century CE, uncovered in recent excavations, is considered to be inspired by the designs used by Herodes for his palaces.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Callirrhoe is included in the so-called bathing culture, known mainly at Indus Valley Civilization, Ancient Greece, Roman Empire, Middle East and Ottoman Empire, Indonesia and Japan for sanitation, therapy and purification purposes.</p><br>
<p>The Detrital Valley is a 51-mi  long valley in northwest Mohave County, Arizona that drains into Lake Mead. It is parallel to the valley just east, Hualapai Valley with the White Hills  being the divider between.</p><br>
<p>Detrital Valley contains Detrital Wash which drains the entire valley, from just north of Kingman, Arizona, specifically at the water divide near Grasshopper Junction, Arizona, where the drainage runs southwards (then west to the Colorado River), the valley being the Sacramento Valley (Arizona). Unlike Detrital Valley, neighboring Hualapai Valley only drains its north region into Lake Mead; most of Hualapai Valley is endorheic, creating the ephemeral lake of Red Lake.</p><br>
<p>The center of Detrital Valley parallels the lengthy north-south range on its west border, the Black Mountains (Arizona), and is located at Boulder Inn, the junction road, Temple Bar Road, to Temple Bar, Lake Mead-(opposite Bonelli Landing across Bonelli Bay, a sub-bay); the junction is with USA Route 93 which traverses much of the valley from Kingman, to Hoover Dam.</p><br>
<p>Madnasa  is an archaeological site in Caria, at the Myndos Peninsula, upper Göl, about 13 km northeast of Myndos. In 5th century BCE the city was included in the Delian League and Athenian tribute lists.</p><br>
<h2>Literature</h2><br>
<p>Pliny the Elder (5.107) calls the city Medmassa, reporting that with five more Lelegian settlements was assigned by Alexander the Great to the jurisdiction of Halicarnassus. In fact their incorporation into Halicarnassus is credited to the Carian satrap Mausolus in 4th century BCE. The city is quoted by Stephanos Byzantios in the geographical lexicon Ethnika from Hekataios&#39;s fragmenta, where it seems that the city had the archaic name Kurbasa.</p><br>
<p>The earliest reference to the city comes from the description of three Carian sites by W.R., Paton, J.L. Myres, & E.L. Hicks at 1894. Later, Bean identified the city with the visible ruins on the hill above Türkbükü Bay and lower Göl.</p><br>
<h2>The archaeological site</h2><br>
<p>The site at Göl is referred 300 by 90 m, with a wall of polygonal masonry and at the highest point there is an ashlar tower. Cisterns and numerous house foundations are still visible. A group of tombs was cut into the rock-face at the west end of the site. Ostraka are dated to 5th and early 4th century BCE.</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers Monument is an American Civil War memorial located at the northern corner of Galena Avenue and Stephenson Street in Freeport, Illinois. General Smith D. Atkins designed the monument, which was erected in 1871. The limestone obelisk monument is 83 ft tall; a statue of Victory originally topped the monument, but it was destroyed by a lightning strike in 1960. Marble tablets at the base of the memorial listed the names of Stephenson Countys Civil War casualties; these were reversed and covered by bronze plaques in 1924 to allow space to list all of the county&#39;s Civil War veterans. Four 7 ft statues at the corners of the base, which were replaced by identical replicas in 1924, represent soldiers from each major branch of the Union military: the infantry, cavalry, artillery, and navy.</p><br>
<p>The monument was added to the National Register of Historic Places on June 1, 1998.</p><br>
<h2>Replacement of the victory statue</h2><br>
<p>After several years of fund raising by the Civil War Monument Fund, over $120,000 was raised to replace the destroyed victory statue. The efforts of the group and many local donors culminated in the repair of the monument and the replacement of the statue on December 4, 2015. Vincent Tolpo, a local artist, was contracted to recreate the Victory statue.</p><br>
